Types of Risks Risk mangement

Types of Risks
1. Liquidity Risk
It is inability to obtain funds at reasonable rates for meeting Cash flow obligations.
Liquidity Risk is of following types:
Funding Risk: It is risk of unanticipated withdrawals and non-renewal of FDs which
are raw material for Fund based facilities.
Time Risk: It is risk of non-receipt of expected inflows from loans in time due to
high rate NPAs which will create liquidity crisis.
Call Risk: It is risk of crystallization of contingent liabilities.
2. Interest Rate Risk
Risk of loss due to adverse movement of interest rates. Interest rate risk is of
following types:
Gap or Mismatch Risk: The risk of Gap between maturities of Assets and
Liabilities. Sometimes, Long term loans are funded by short term deposits. After
maturity of deposits, these liabilities are get repriced and Gap of Interest rates
between Assets and Liabilities may become narrowed thereby reduction of profits.
Basis Risks: Change of Interest rates on Assets and Liabilities may change in
different magnitudes thus creating variation in Net Interest Income.
Yield Curve Risk: Yield is Internal Rate of Return on Securities. Higher Interest
Rate scenario will reduce Yield and thereby reduction in the value of assets.
Adverse movement of yield will certainly affect NII (Net Interest Income).
Embedded Option Risk : Adverse movement of Interest Rate may result into prepayment
of CC/DL and TL. It may also result into pre-mature withdrawal of
TDs/RDs. This will also result into reduced NII. This is called Embedded Risk.
Re-investment Risk: It is uncertainty with regard to interest rate at which future
cash flows could be re-invested.

EXIM BANK

Exim Bank – its
functions
Exim Bank (Export/Import Bank) was established in 1981 with the objective
of financing Import Export Trade especially on Long term basis. The
functions of Exim bank are as under:
 Offering Finance for Exports at competitive rates.
 Developing alternate financial solution
 Data and Information about new export opportunities.
 Respond to export problems and pursue Policy solutions.
The finance activities of Exim bank consist of :
1. Arranging Suppliers‟ credit and Buyers‟ credit
2. Consultancy and Technical services for exporters
3. Pre-shipment credit – over 6 months
4. Setting up of EOU in EPZ (Export Processing Zones)
5. Finance for DTA (Domestic Tariff Area) units exporting minimum
25% of annual sales.
6. Finance for Import of Computer System and Development of
Software. Plant and Machinery and Technical up-gradations etc.
7. Services for Overseas Investments.
8. Line of Credit to exporters on the basis of which they receive export
orders.
EXIM Bank performs following functions for Commercial Banks:
 Export Bills Rediscounting – Usance period should not exceed 180
days.
 SSI Export Bills Rediscounting.
 Refinance of Export credit
 Refinance of TL to EOU, Software Capital goods up to 100%
 Participates with banks in Issuance of Guarantees.
Besides above, the EXIM bank arranges Relending facilities for Overseas
Banks, sanctions direct credit to foreign importers and arranges line of
credit for foreign importers.
DPG (Deferred
Payment
Guarantees
It is normally beyond 6M and meant for SHE (Status Holder Exporters)
only.
Banks can approve proposals up to 25 crore.
Above 25 crore up to 100 crore are referred to EXIM bank.
Above 100 crore proposals will be considered by Inter institutional Working
Group consisting of members from RBI, FEDAI, ECGC and EXIM.
Other services
of EXIM bank
Besides above, the EXIM bank provides assistance for :
1. Project Exports – export of Engineering goods on Deferred Payment
terms
2. Turnkey Projects- supply of equipment along with related services
like design, detailed engineering etc.
3. Construction Projects
4. Funded facilities.
EXIM Bank is nodal agency designated by GOI to manage Export
Marketing Fund (EMF) which consists of loan made available to India by
World bank to promote International Trade.

FOREIGN TRADE RISKS AND ECGC

Risks in
International
Trade
Foreign trade risk may be defined as Uncertainty or Unplanned events with
financial consequences resulting into loss. Types of Risks are as under:
1. Buyers‟ Risk: Non-Acceptance or non-payment
2. Sellers‟ Risk: Non- shipping or Shipping of poor quality goods or
delay.
3. Shipping Risk: Mishandling, Goods siphoned off, Strike by potters or
wrong delivery.
4. Other Risks:
- Credit Risk
- Legal Risk
- Country Risk
- Operational Risk
- Exchange Risk
5. Country Risk
Provision of risk is made if Exposure to one country is 1% or more of total
assets. ECGC has the list of Country Risk Ratings which can be referred to
by the Banks and the banks can make their own country risk policy.
Risk
Classification
of Countries
Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation provides guarantee cover for risks
which can be availed by the banks after making payment of Premium.
ECGC adopts 7 fold classification covering 204 countries. The list is updated
and published on quarterly basis. The latest classification is as under:
1. Insignificant Risks A1
2. Low Risk A2
3. Moderately Low Risk B1
4. Moderate Risk B2
5. Moderately High Risk C1
6. High Risk C2
7. Very High Risk D
Besides above, 20 countries have been placed in “Restricted Cover
Group-1” where revolving limits are approved by ECGC and these are valid
for 1 year.
The other 13 countries are placed in “Restricted Cover Group-2” where
specific approval is given on case to case basis by ECGC.


ECGC _ Export
Credit and
Guarantee
Corporation
ECGC was established in 1964. Export Credit and Guarantee Corporation
provides guarantee cover for risks which can be availed by the banks after
making payment of Premium. Its activities are governed by IRDA.
The functions of ECGC are 3 fold:
1. It rates the different countries.
2. It issues Insurance Policies.
3. It guarantees proceeds of Exports.
Types of Policies:
1. Standard Policies
It provides cover for exporters for short term exports. These cover
Commercial and Political Risks. The different types of Policies are:
- Shipment (Comprehensive Risk) Policy – to cover
commercial and political risks from date of shipment. Default
of 4 months.
- Shipment (Political Risks) Policy.
- Contracts (Comprehensive Risk) Policy for both commercial
and Political risks.
- Contracts (Political Risks) Policy
2. Small Exporters’ policy
A small exporter is defined whose anticipated total export turnover
for the period of 12 M is not more than 50 lac. The policy is issued
to cover shipments 24 M ahead.
The policy provides cover against Commercial risks and Political
risks covering insolvency of the buyer , failure of the borrower to
make payment due within 2 months from due date, borrower‟s failure
to accept the goods due to no fault of exporter.
3. Specific Shipment Policy
Commercial risks – Failure to pay within 4M. It covers short term
credit not exceeding 180 days.
4. Exports Specific Buyer Policy
Commercial risks – Failure to pay within 4M and Political Risks
The other Policies are Exports (specific buyers‟ Policy), Buyers‟ Exposure
Policy, Export Turnover Policy (exporters who pay minimum 10 lac premium
to ECGC are eligible) and Consignment export Policy.
Financial
Guarantees
ECGC issues following types of Guarantees for the benefit of Exporters:
Packing Credit Insurance
ECIB (WT-PC) – Exporters Credit Insurance for Banks (whole Turnover
Packing Credit)
This policy is issued to banks to guarantee export risks:
- For all exporters
- Minimum 25 accounts should be there.
- Minimum assured premium is Rs. 5.00 lac.
- Period of cover is 12M.
- The claim is payable if there is default of 4 Months.
- Premium for fresh covers is 8 paisa per month and for others is 6-9.5
paisa percent per month. It is calculated on average outstanding.
- Percentage of cover ranges from 50-75%
- If due date of export proceeds is extended beyond 360 days,
approval of ECGC is required.
- Claim is to be filed within 6M of report of default to ECGC.

IMPORTS

Imports – Prerequisites
AD1 banks are to ensure that Imports are in accordance with:
 Exim Policy
 RBI Guidelines
 FEMA Rules
 Goods are as per OGL (Open General list).
 Importer is having IEC (Import Export Code) issued by DGFT.
Imports
Formalities &
Time limit for
import payment
The following are essential elements of Imports:
1. An importer before remitting proceeds exceeding USD 5000 must
submit application on Form A-1 to the Authorized Dealer.
2. AD banks can issue LC on the basis of License and Exchange
Control Copy.
Remittance against exports should be completed within 6 months from
date of shipment.
 Any delay beyond 6 months will be treated as Deferred
Payment arrangement and the same will be treated as
Trade Credit up to the period less than 3 years.

Pre-shipment & Post-shipment Finance

Pre-shipment & Post-shipment Finance
Q. 1
Received order of USD 50000(CIF) to Australia on 1.1.11 when USD/INR Bill Buying Rate is
43.50. How much pre-shipment finance will be released considering profit margin of 10% and
Insurance and freight cost@ 12%. Contribution from borrower is 25%.
Solution
FOB Value = CIF – Insurance and Freight – Profit (Calculation at Bill Buying Rate on 1.1.11)
= 50000X43.5 = 2175000 – 261000(12%) – 191400(10% of 1914000) = 1722600
Pre-shipment Finance = FOB value - 25% (Margin) = 1722600-430650=1291950.Ans.
Q. 2
What will be amount of Post-shipment Finance under Foreign Bill Purchased for USD 45000
when Bill Buying rate on 31.3.11 (date of submission of Export documents) is 43.85
Solution
45000X43.85 = 1973250 Ans.
Q. 3
Period for which concessional Rate of Interest is charged on DP bills from date of purchase.
Solution
25 days.Ans.
Q. 4 If the above said bill remains overdue for 2 months, what will be date of crystallization?
Due Date of Bill will be 31.3.11 + 25 days = 25.4.2011
The bill will be crystallized on 24.5.2011 i.e. on 30th day from due date. Ans.
Q. 5
On 8th Sep, an exporter tenders a demand bill for USD 100000 drawn on New York. The
USD/INR quote is as under:
Spot---------USD 1 =34.3000/3500
Spot Sep-------------------6000/7000
Spot Oct--------------------8000/9000
Spot Nov------------------10000/11000
Transit Period is 20 days and Exchange margin 0.15%
Calculate Rupee payable to the customer. Customer wants to retain 15% in Dollars
Interest @13% has to be charged on INR liability of the customer.
Solution
Since, the currency is at premium, the transit period will be rounded off to the lower month
(i.e. NIL). And the rate to the customer will be based on Spot Rate. If interest rate is 13%, how
much interest will be recovered from the Exporter
Spot Buying rate = 34.3000
Less Exchange Margin = 0.0515
34.2485 or 34.25 per dollar.
Amount in Indian Rupee = 85000(85% of 100000) x 34.25 = 2911250/-
Interest will be charged on 2911250/- @ 13% for 20 days = 20738/-.

Q. 6
On 26th Aug, an exporter tenders for purchase a bill payable 60 days from sight and drawn on
New York for USD 25650. The dollar rupee rate is as under:
Spot----------------------1USD = 34.6525/6850
Spot Sep--------------------------------1500/1400
Spot Oct---------------------------------2800/2700
Spot Nov--------------------------------4200/4100
Spot Dec--------------------------------5600/5500
Exchange Margin is 0.15%, Transit Period is 20 days. Rate of Interest is 13%. An amount of Rs.
500/- on account of Out of Pocket expenses has to be charged.
What will be the exchange rate payable to the customer and Rupee amount payable?
Solution
Notional due Date = 20+60 days from 26th Aug i.e. 14th Nov. Since, the currency is at discount,
the period will be rounded off to the same month). Obviously, the discount of Nov will be more
and it will make the Buy Rate Lower.
Dollar/Rupee market spot Buying Rate = 34.6525
Less Discount for August to November = 0.4200
34.2325
Less Exchange Margin @.15% .0513
= 34.1812
Rupee Amount payable to exporter = 25650 X 34.18 = 876717-00
Less Interest for 80 days @ 13% = 24980-00
Less out of pocket expenses = 500-00

EXPORTS

RBI and DGFT
RBI controls Foreign Exchange and DGFT (Directorate General of Foreign
Trade) controls Foreign Trade. Exim Policy as framed in accordance with
FEMA is implemented by DGFT. DGFT functions under direct control of
Ministry of Commerce and Industry. It regulates Imports and Exports
through EXIM Policy.
On the other hand, RBI keeps Forex Reserves, Finances Export trade and
Regulates exchange control. Receipts and Payments of Forex are also
handled by RBI.
IEC - Importer
Exporter Code
One has to apply for IEC to become eligible for Imports and Exports. DGFT
allots IEC to Exporters and Importers in accordance with RBI guidelines
and FEMA regulations. EXIM Policy is also considered before allotting IEC.
Export
Declaration
Form
All exports (physically or otherwise) shall be declared in the following Form.
1. GR form--- meant for exports made otherwise than by post.
2. PP Form---meant for exports by post parcel.
3. Softex form---meant for export of software.
4. SDF (Statutory Declaration Form)----replaced GR form in order to
submit declaration electronically.
SDF is submitted in duplicate with Custom Commissioned who puts its
stamp and hands over the same to exporter marked “Exchange Control
Copy” for submission thereof to AD.
Exemptions
 Up to USD 25000 (value) – Goods or services as declared by the
exporter.
 Trade Samples, Personal effects and Central Govt. goods.
 Gift items having value up to Rs. 5.00 lac.
 Goods with value not exceeding USD 1000 value to Myanmar.
 Goods imported free of cost for re-export.
 Goods sent for testing.
ADs may consider waiver for export of goods free of cost for export
promotion up to 2% of average annual exports of previous 3 years subject
to ceiling of Rs. 5.00 lac. The limit is Rs. 10.00 lac for Status Holder
Exporters.
Prescribed Time
limits
The time norms for export trade are as under:
 Submission of documents with “Exchange Control Copy” to AD
within 21 days from date of shipment.
 Time period for realization of Export proceeds is has been reduced
to 9M for all types of exports including exports to SEZ (Special
economic zones), SHE(Status Holder Exporters) and 100%EOUs.
Previously, the time period was 12Months for SEZs and SHEs.
 For, Exports to Warehouse established outside India, as soon as it
is realized and in any case within fifteen months from the date of
shipment of goods
 After expiry of time limit, extension is sought by Exporter on ETX
Form. The AD can extend the period by 6M.
However, reporting will be made to RBI on XOS Form on half yearly basis

in respect of all overdue bills which remained outstanding for more than
prescribed period or the bills which are overdue
Direct Dispatch
of Shipping
Documents
AD banks may handle direct dispatch of shipping documents provided
export proceeds are up to USD 1 Million and the exporter is regular
customer of at least 6 months.
Advance
Payments
Exporters may receive advance payments from their overseas importers
provided:
 Shipment is made within 1 year from receipt of advance.
 Rate of interest payable should not exceed LIBOR+100 bps.
 Documents are routed through AD from which advance was routed.
Prescribed
Method of
payment and
Reduction in
export proceeds
Exporter will receive payment though any of the following mode:
 Bank Drafts, TC, Currency, FCNR/NRE deposits, International
Credit Card. But the proceeds can be in Indian Rupees from Nepal
and Bhutan.
 Export proceeds from ACU countries can be settled in ACU/EURO
or ACU/Dollar. A separate Dollar/Euro account is maintained which
is denominated as ACU Dollar or ACU EURO.
ACU – Asian Clearing Union was formed in Tehran, Iran in 1974 and it
comprises of following 9 countries as members.
India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Iran, Pak, Srilanka, Nepal and
Maldives.
Exporters may be allowed to reduce the export proceeds with the following:
 Reduction in Invoice value on account of discount for pre-payment
of Usance bills (maximum 25%)
 Agency commission on exports.
 Claims against exports.
 Write off the unrecoverable export dues up to maximum limit of 10%
of export value.
The proceeds of exports can be got deposited by exporter in any of the
following account:
1. Overseas Foreign Currency account.
2. Diamond Dollar account.
3. EEFC (Exchange Earners Foreign Currency account)
DDA _ diamond

LETTER OF CREDIT

Documentary
Letters of Credit
(LC)
LC is a document:
 Issued by Buyer‟s bank at his request.
 Carrying undertaking to pay to the seller
 Upon presentation of documents evidencing shipping of goods.
 In compliance with terms and conditions.
ILC is Inland Letter of Credit and FLC is Foreign Letter of Credit. The
parties to LC are as under:
Applicant Buyer or Importer
Beneficiary Seller or Exporter
Issuing Bank It is opening Bank which ultimately pays on
behalf of importer in the Importer‟s country.
Advising Bank or
Notifying Bank
Bank in Exporter Country through which LC is
advised. It acts as agent
Negotiating Bank
or Nominated Bank
Bank in Exporter Country which makes payment
to exporter or accepts Bill of Exchange.
Confirming Bank In Exporter‟s country. It may be advising bank
also if it adds confirmation. This bank will be
responsible for default, if any.
Reimbursing Bank The bank which reimburses the negotiating
bank. (Usually, it is the bank having Nostro
account of Opening Bank.

UCP– 600
Uniform Custom
and Practice of
Documentary
Credit

CORRESPONDENT BANKING Caiib

Correspondent Banking
It is a relationship between two banks which have mutual accounts with
each other:
Nostro accounts “ Our account with you “
E.g. SBI Mumbai maintaining USD account with City Bank, New York
Vostro accounts “Your account with us”
E.g.. City Bank New York maintains Rupee account with SBI Ludhiana.
Loro account“His account with them”
E.g. City bank referring to Rupee account of Bank of America with SBI
Mumbai.
Mirror account---- It is replica ofNostro account to reconcile.
What is Swift?
Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications. There are
8300 members of the society. Financial messages are sent through Swift.
The messages are automatically authenticated through BKE (Bilateral Key
Exchange). It is operational 24 hours and 365 days. Swift has now
introduced new system of authentication system wherein banks are
required to have authentication key exchanged between them through a set
format by use of RMA (Relationship Management Application). This is
called BIC or Bank Identifier Code).
CHIPS – New York
Clearing House Inter Bank Payment System.
CHIPS is major payment system in USA with 48 members. The participants
use the system throughout the day for sending and receiving electronic
payment instructions. These are netted at end of the day and net position is
debited or credited to Nostro account of Federal Reserve.
It is used for Foreign Exchange Inter bank settlements and Euro Dollar
Settlements.
FEDWIRE -USA
It is US payment system being operated by Federal Reserve Bank. It
handles majority of domestic payments. All US banks maintain account with
Federal Reserve Bank and are allotted ABA numbers to identify senders
and receivers of payments.
CHAPS – London
Clearing House Automated Payment System
It is UK based Settlement System. It handles receipts and Payments in UK.
It has 16 member banks and 400 Indirect members.
TARGET
The full form of TARGET is Trans-European Automated Real-Time Gross
Settlement Express Transfer System. It is Euro Payment System which
comprises of 15 national RTGS systems working in EUROPE. It process
high value payments from 30000 participating institutions across Europe.
RTGS-plus
RTGS plus has over 60 participants. It is a German Hybrid clearing system
and operating as a European oriented RTGS and Payment system.
RTGS & NEFT in India
Real Time Gross Settlement is a payment system for Interbank transfer

with minimum Rs. 2.00 lac. This system is managed by IDRBT, Hyderabad,
which connects all banks to Central server maintained by RBI. The network
is INFINET (Indian Financial Network)
Timings are:
8:00AM to 8:00PM (Saturday: 8:00 to 3:30 PM)
NEFT (National Electronic Fund Transfer) is mainly used for low amount
transactions. However, there is no minimum and maximum limit. The
timings are: 8:00AM to 7:00PM (Saturday 8:00 to 1:00 PM). There are 12
batches daily except Saturday with 6 batches. The time period is B+2.
Who is Resident
Indian? Who is
Non- Resident
A person who resides in India for more than 182 days during preceding
financial year is Resident Indian. A person who is not resident is Non-
Resident.
Who is NRI? A person who is citizen of India but resides outside India owing to:
 Employment, Business, vocation-------indicating indefinite period of
stay outside.
 Work abroad on assignment with Foreign Govt., UNO, and IMF etc.
 Deputation officially.
 Study abroad.
PIO - Persons of
Indian Origin
PIO is a person who is citizen of any other country, but he at any time:
 Held Indian Passport
 He or his grand-parents or grand grand parents were Indian citizens
by virtue of constitution of India or under Indian Citizenship Act.
 The person is spouse of Indian Citizen.
OCB – Overseas
Corporate
Bodies
OCBs are firms, Cos, Society owned directly or indirectly to the extent of atleast
60% by NRIs.
It also includes overseas trusts where at-least 60% irrevocable beneficial
interest is held by non-residents directly or indirectly.
NRE Deposit
Accounts
Only non-resident Indians can open following NRE accounts with banks:
 Fixed Deposits & Recurring Deposits
 SB and CA Deposits
The other features are:
 Deposits are held in Indian currency.
 The Principal and Interest both can be repatriated.
 Account holder bears the risk of fluctuations in currency rates.
 Account will be opened with proceeds from abroad.
 Funds originating in India cannot be deposited.
 Interest rates Have since been deregulated by RBI..
 No lien is permitted to be marked against SB deposits.
 Joint account with Indians can be opened as Former or
Survivor.
 Cheque book and IBS allowed.
 Nomination in favor of NRI/Resident Indian allowed.
 Interest Income is exempt from Income Tax, Gift Tax or Wealth Tax.
 TOD allowed up to Rs. 50000/- for maximum 2 weeks.
 Account can be operated in India through mandate also.
 Loans against FDR to 3rd parties allowed provided NRI is personally
present for documentation.

Caiib materials

Caiib materials

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Jaiib materials

JAIIB MATERIALS

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Today Micro finance 70 recollected questions

 Micro finance 70 recollected questions

Q1.C.rungrajan committee on microfinance
Q2. Breath length and depth meaning.
Q3. Difference between poverty lending approach and financial system approach.
Q4. Microfinance focus on poorest of the poor.
Q5. Nabard and it's role.
Q6. Nationalization of banks and it's purpose.
Q7.IRDP programm substitute the SJGSY program.
Q8.what is facilitater and it's role.
Q9.what is GRT group recognition test and it's purpose.
Q10.one question on Money lenders.
Q11.break even analysis and CPV analysis 3 questions.
Q12.what is microcredit.
Q13.what is microfinance.
Q14. What is sustainability.
Q15 what is BRI bank Ryat Indonesia.
Q16 .what is unit diseas.
Q17.chikola group of Kenya is example of which model.
Q18.Difference between SHG and JLG model
Q19 detailed question on grameen bank model.
 Q20. What is SHG bank linkage model...

Q22. Assumptions of grameen bank model of Bangladesh.
 Q23.diffrence between direct cost indirectcost setupcost and cost of fund.
Q24 .capital=assets-liability.
Q25.for NBFC model minimum networth requires rs.5 crore.
Q26.malegam committee and its recommendation.
Q27.qualifying assets and its significance
Q28.what is most accepted and widely usedmodel of microfinance in india.
 Q29.what is ghostborrower or multiple lending.
Q30.details of BC model.
Q31.what is reckless lending.
Q32. Details of SHG2 model part2.
 Q33. What is refinancing.
Q34. National rural livelihood mission.
 Q35 .Swarn jayanti gramin Swarojgar yojna
Q 36.what is mutual fund.
 Q37. What is merchant banking.
Q38.details of Revolving Fund.
 Q39. Financial inclusion definition and scope.
Q40. What is kyc and it's purpose

Q41 .Illiterate person can open which type of exam.
Q42 .Difference between impact accessment and social performance.
Q43.what is social rating
Q44. What is minimalist and integrated approach.
Q45.what is micro Insurance.
 Q46. Role of SEBI.
 Q47.role of IRDA.
 Q48. What is cash flow statement
.Q49. What is flat rate of interest.
 Q50. What is travel expanses.
 Q51.what is operating expense Ratio.
 Q52. What is asset depricitation.
 Q53 what is accounting stanard 2
. Q54. What is average case load.
Q55. What is Target group.
Q56. What is PAR.
Q57. What is market risk.
Q58. What is bank rate.
Q59.what is reprising risk.
 Q60. What is riskmanagement loop

Q61 what is schedule and nonshedule bank.
Q62. What is human risk.
 Q63.what is operational risk.
Q64.what is merchant banker.
 Q65. What is trading in stock exchange.
 Q66.two questions on mutual fund.
Q67.three question on Break Even Analysis.
Q68. What is regulatory risk.
 Q 69.what is Repayment rate.
 Q70.trust and Trust feed and what NBFC banking Model and what is business Correspondent model (BC Model)...... these All are 70 Recollected Questions of microfinance held on 15 july 2018. best of luck to All 

Credit management

Certified credit professionals::

       (Simple and nice read every one)

Credit management is one of the core processes for all banks and therefore, the
ability to manage its process is essential to augment interest income and to enhance
its profitability. The success of a bank crucially depends how it manages its Asset
Portfolio as it is the major source of income and has direct bearing on the bottom-
line of the Bank. This demands an ability to perceive the early warning signals, which
necessitates control of both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of credit
evaluation. Thus, managing credit risk plays an important role and its effectiveness
lies in proper identification of borrower and appraisal besides adopting an efficient
recovery and exit strategy.
1. Know Your Customer (KYC): Proper identification of the borrower attains
utmost importance in the entire credit cycle for which adoption of KYC guidelines is a
must. It is observed that majority NPA accounts pertain to either new customers or

Today MSME recollected questions

Today's asked questions in msme exam:
ITCOT Based in ?
Tile industry cluster Mangalore disappeared due to?
FIWE h/q ?
SSIDC Registered under?
WTO Set up in?
Net rating agency for small industry?
Numerical questions:
1. Working capital turnover ratio 5
Current ratio 2:1
Current assets 30lakh
Profit is 6% of sale find net profit?
2. Net profit 40 lakh, dep 10 lakh, int on term loan 10lakh and DSCR IS 2 FIND INSTALMENT OF TERM LOAN?
3. CURRENT ratio 2.7:1
DEAR 0.6:1 What is interpretations in business?
4. Current ratio 2:1 current assets 60lakh, total liabilities 110 lakh term loan 35 lakh , find net worth?
5.NPA provisioning
6.SARFASEI
7.NIESBUD
8.Reservation items of MSME
9. Kishore,tarun,shishu
10.Small and medium enterprises investment in plant and machinery

MSME:
*maximum shareholders in a private company from according to 2013 Act-200
* SARFAESI act enacted year-2002
*UNIDO implemented a development initiative in the knitwear cluster-Ludhiana
*Red clause LC -buyer is extending an unsecured loan to the seller
*Non fund based facilities- deffered payment guarantee
*Options for financing MSME- equity, venture capital, Angele fund
*Hybrid capital refers to combination of -equity and debt


Some of the recollected questions MSME 15072018
Deadline for Basel 3 implementation in India
Basel 3 aim to promote resilient banking parameters namely ?
CRM is ----- approach
Limits for mudra loan in shishi kishor tarun
One question on OTS scheme
Rehabilitation package for potentially viable units within-- month
Composite loan amt ?
SARAFAESI act enacted in which year
Banning industries which not having scope is the role of ?
2question on internal and external causes of sickness
1 question on symptoms of sickness
Steps in cluster devp project
Example if diffusion effect of tech ...Change
Msme credit process - 5 stages
1 question on fund based non fund based guarantee
Objective of FIWE
ISO 9000 credit reimbursement amt
Forei investment outside the automatic route clearance has to be obtained from - FIPB
2 questions on no of directors and members in private public Ltd co

Today IT security recollected questions

IT Security recollected questions 15-07-18

Non repudiation,access privilege,2FA,CISO,corporate  IT Security,DRM,Threat,vulnerabilities,risk appetite,sec governance,rfid,ips,ids,bar coding,metal detectors,fire extinguishers,testing methodologies 2-3 questions,cloud computing 2-3 questions,cdr,iso 27001,cobit,etsi tc cyber,Sox,sas 70,defense in depth,green server,refurbishment,dumpster driving,social eng,database schema,atm security,jackpotting,escrow arrangement 2 questions,spf,vlans,mpls,ftp,firewalls,siem,s/w models,big data,buffer overflow,stuxnet,botnet,fast flux,rootkit,San,drsite,Indian fin sys,powers of rbi

Most of d questions wr of the type (what is not),(which is wrong)



IT security recollected questions

IT act defines data as

Information is classified based on criticality, confidentiality, availability and purpose

Information security is protection of information assets

Non repudiation definition

Which of the following is not a perimeter security method

IT security is responsibility of All employees in an organisation

CISO will not report to CIO

Access previlage: clerical staff cannot make loan disbursement

What is pretty good privacy

Digital right management involves copy right and antipiracy technology

Difference between threat and vulnerability

Definitions of threat vulnerability impact and risk

Crime is not because of need, opportunity and rationalization. One wrong option

2 questions on metal detectors

Which of the following is not an intrusion detection systems - biometric tools

Social engineering is done by

SQL injection definition

Buffer overflow definition

First digital weapon used in PLC - stuxnet

Which of the following is not true regarding cyber terrorism

Malware that targets industrial and software equipment - stuxnet

Fast flux definition

Rootkit related question

What do you understand by the term hijacker

What is the concern faced by security managers in BYOD technology

Case study type question on single point failure

Features of fault tolerant system-2 questions

One of the following is not a requisite for fault tolerance

One of the following is not true regarding high availability-latency, raid,

Questions on white box testing and black testing

Software fault tolerance methods include recovery blocks, n programming, acceptance tests

Recovery time objective., recovery point objective

Robo backup

DR site location in seismic zone

Hot site, warm site

Secondary site located in same city as primary data centre

Auditing around the computer, auditing through the computer, auditing with computer

COBIT is not a security standard

Latest version of COBIT is COBIT 5

Audit risk definition

RBI, sebi, tria and irda regulates (match the following)

One of the following is not the role of RBI

Call data record includes

One of the following is not included in IT act

Version control

Escrow arrangement

Cloud computing and big data

COBIT VERY important for IT

COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a good-practice framework created by international professional association ISACA for information technology (IT) management and IT governance. COBIT provides an implementable "set of controls over information technology and organizes them around a logical framework of IT-related processes and enablers
ISACA first released COBIT in 1996, originally as a set of control objectivesto help the financial audit community better maneuver in IT-related environments.Seeing value in expanding the framework beyond just the auditing realm, ISACA released a broader version 2 in 1998 and expanded it even further by adding management guidelines in 2000's version 3. The development of both the AS 8015: Australian Standard for Corporate Governance of Information and Communication Technologyin January 2005 and the more international draft standard ISO/IEC DIS 29382 (which soon after became ISO/IEC 38500) in January 2007

MSME information for MUDRA

MUDRA – Micro Units Development & Refinance Agency Ltd
Under the aegis of Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, MUDRA has already created its initial products / schemes. The interventions have been named 'Shishu', 'Kishor' and 'Tarun' to signify the stage of growth / development and funding needs of the beneficiary micro unit / entrepreneur and also provide a reference point for the next phase of graduation / growth to look forward to :

• Shishu : covering loans upto 50,000/-
• Kishor : covering loans above 50,000/- and upto 5 lakh
• Tarun : covering loans above 5 lakh and upto 10 lakh

FEDAI Imp points

FEDAI

The important rules are:

Export Transactions : Forex liability must be crystallized into Indian rupees on 30th day after expiry of NTP (Notional Transit Period) in case of Sight bills and on 30th day after notional due date in case of Usance bills. The rule has since been relaxed and bank can frame its own rule for nos. of days for crystallization.

Concessional rate of interest is applied up to Notional due date or up to value date of realization of export dues (whichever is earlier)

Import Transactions: For retirement of Import bills whether under LC or otherwise, banks Bill

selling rate on date of retirement or the Forward rate will be applied.

DP Bills (sight) are retired after crystallization on 10th day after receipt.

DA Bills are retired (crystallized) on Due Date.

All Foreign Currency bills under LC, if not retired on receipt, shall be crystallized into Rupee liability on 10th day after date of receipt of documents at TT Selling Rate.

Normal Transit Period is:

- 25 days for export bills,

- 3 days for Rupee bills drawn under LC and payable locally

- 7 days for rupee bills drawn under LC and payable at other centers

- 20 days for Rupee bills not drawn under LC.

- For exports to Iraq, normal transit period is 60 days.

All the best for your exam

If you want to touch your goals, you have to do well in the exam. Exam will give you the opportunity. So, try to give the best effort in exam. Good Luck!

In your life, you can’t get anything easily. You have to earn that. We all have to go through our educational system. Exams are the options which help you to go ahead. So take it carefully. Best of luck!

Failure & success are the two sides of the same coin. So don’t get nervous. I know you can do well in the exam.

Failing in a exam is not so serious issue in life. If you have failed today then try the best for tomorrow. I know tomorrow will show us your talent. Be confident! Good luck!

Exam is waiting for giving you a chance of testing your knowledge. Just believe in yourself! Best of luck!

Exams can prove you how brilliant and intelligent you are than the others. So, you should grab the opportunity. Best wishes for you!

These exams are your opportunity at proving your worth to everyone around you. Grab it and do your best, don’t let it pass through. Good luck.

In life, it is impossible to be 100% sure of whether you will pass or fail. But working hard is a sure shot way to increase your chances of doing well. Good luck.

Exam Advice for Students
Exams don’t test your knowledge as much as they test your state of mind. Be relaxed and calm down, I am sure you will do fine. Best wishes to you.

Good grades are life’s way of saying that there is a bright future in store for you. Good luck.

Before you go and take the exam, just relax, you already know everything, take a walk in the afternoon, watch a film, listen to some music and have a good sleep. Good luck for your exams!

Nothing can stop you from doing your best, nothing can pull you down – as long as you start studying hard and stop fooling around. Good luck.



Hard work always pays in life. You can reach every aim you want. I wish you all the best for this hard work.

Hundreds and thousands of people in the world give exams every day. Surely, something so common and ordinary can’t be too difficult. Good luck.

You worked hard in school all year long, and now you will use this knowledge! Everything you learned will be needed today! Remember everyone wishes you good luck, the teachers, friends and family!

MSME related abbreviations

ABBREVIATIONS::

ACWW: Associated Country Women of the World
AIC: Agro Industries Corporation
ANC: Ancillary Undertakings
APTDC: A. P. Technology Development Centre (CII)
ASBA :Alliance of Small Business Associations in the USA
ASI: Annual Survey of Industries
ASSOCHAM Association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry
AWEK Association of Women Entrepreneurs of Karnataka
BDS Business Development Services
CAR Common Annual Return
CDCC Central Documentation and Clearance Centre
CDR Corporate Debt Restructuring
CGTMSE: Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises
CGTSI Credit Guarantee Trust for Small Industries
CII Confederation of Indian Industry
CITD Centre for International Trade in Agriculture and Agro-based Industries, New
Delhi
COSIA Chamber of Small Industry Associations
CRM Customer Relationship Management
CWEI Consortium of Women Entrepreneurs in India
CWEI Consortium of Women Entrepreneurs of India
DIC District Industries Centre
DICGC Deposit Insurance & Credit Guarantee Corporation
DRT Debt Recovery Tribunal
DWCRA Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas
EDIT Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India
EOU Export Oriented Units
EU European Union
EXIM BankExport Import Bank of India
FAPCCI Federation of Andhra Pradesh Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FAPSIA Federation of Andhra Pradesh Small Industries Association
FASII Federation of Associations of Small Industries of India
FDI Foreign Direct Investment
FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
FISME Federation of Indian Micro & Small and Medium Enterprises
FISME Federation of Indian Small & Medium Enterprises
FIWE Federation of Indian Women Entrepreneurs
FOSMI Federation of Small & Medium Industries
GATT General Agreement on Trade and Tariff
Gol Government of India
HUDCO Housing & Urban Development Corporation
HUF Hindu Undivided Family
ICSI Indian Council of Small Industry
ICWE India Council of Women Entrepreneurs, New Delhi
IDLSS Integrated Development of Leather Sector Scheme
IIA Indian Industries Association
IIC Industrial Infrastructure Corporation
IIE Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship, Guwahati
IRAC Income Recognition and Asset Classification
ISEC Interest Subsidy Eligibility Certification
JHF Joint Hindu Family
KVIC Khadi & Village Industries Commission
LLP Limited Liability Partnership
MFA Multi-Fibre Arrangement
MSE-CDP Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme
MSMED Micro Small and Medium Enterprises Development
NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NAYE National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NIC National Industrial Classification
NIESBUD National Institute for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development,Noida
NIMSME National Institute for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
NISBET National Institute of Small Business Extension Training
NMCP National Manufacturing Competitiveness Programme
NPA Non-Performing Asset
NPV Net Present Value
NRY Nehru Rojgar Yojna
NSIC National Small Industries Corporation
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OGL Open General License
OTS One Time Settlement
PACS Primary Agricultural Cooperative Credit Society
PCB Pollution Control Board
PMEGP Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme
PPP Public Private Participation
PRF Portfolio Risk Fund
PRODIP Product Development, Design Intervention and Packaging
QRs Quantitative Restrictions
RBI Reserve Bank of India
RGUMY Rajiv Gandhi Udyami Mitra Yojana
SEZ Special Economic Zone
SFC State Financial Corporation
SFURTI Scheme of Fund for Regeneration of Traditional Industries
SHG Self Help Group
SIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of India
SIDC State Industrial Development Corporation

SIDO Small Industries Development Organisation
SIIC State Industries Investment Corporation
SMERA Small & Medium Enterprises Rating Agency of India Ltd.
SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises
SNDP State Net Domestic Product
SPV Special Purpose Vehicle
SSIDC State Small Industries Development Corporation
SSSBE Small Scale Service and Business (industry-related) Enterprises
TANSTIA Tamil Nadu Small and Tiny Industries Association
TCO Technical Consultancy Organisation
TREAD Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development
TRIPs Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
TRYSEM Training for Rural Youth for Self Employment
TUFS Technical Upgradation Fund Scheme
WE Town and Village Enterprises
UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization
VAT Value Added Tax
WASME World Association for Small and Medium Enterprises
WASME World Association of Small and Medium Enterprises
WAWE World Association of Women Entrepreneurs
WE Women Enterprises
WTO World Trade Organisation

Most important banking terms for every bankers

FIFTY BANKING TERMS FOR BANK INTERVIEWS/EXAMS

( Don't miss ... Read every one and Get knowledge)

1. Repo Rate

1.When RBI provides a loan to the bank for short-term between 1 to 90, RBI takes some interest from the bank which is termed as Repo Rate.

2. Reverse Repo Rate
⏫When bank deposit it's excess money in RBI then RBI provides some interest to that bank. This interest is known as Reverse Repo Rate.

3. SLR –(Statutory Liquidity Ratio)
⏫Every bank has to maintain a certain % of their total deposits in the form of (Gold + Cash + bonds + Securities) with themselves at the end of every business days.

4. Retail banking
⏫Retail banking is a type of banking in which direct dealing with the retail customers is done.
⏫This type of banking is also popularly known as consumer banking or personal banking.
⏫It is the visible face of banking to the general public.

5. Bitcoin
⏫Bitcoin is a virtual currency/ cryptocurrency and a payment system.
⏫It can be defined as decentralized means of tracking and assigning wealth or economy, it is a software protocol.
⏫Bitcoin uses two cryptographic keys, one public (username) and one private (password) are generated.
⏫1Bitcoin= 108 Satoshi.