Monday, 7 December 2020

EXECUTORS / ADMINISTRATORS :

 EXECUTORS / ADMINISTRATORS :

• Executor is a person whose name is mentioned in the Will & Administrator is the person who is appointed by the Court

• Administrator is appointed when the executor refuses to execute the Will or when a person dies without leaving a Will (Intestate  death)

• Executor derives his power from the Will whereas Administrator derives his power from the Letter of Administration issued by the court and both of them cannot delegate this power to others

• Both of them are acting in a fiduciary capacity or representative capacity

ATTORNEY / AGENTS :

 ATTORNEY / AGENTS :

• A Power of Attorney executed outside India must be stamped within 3 months of its receipt in India. As per stamp act of the state concerned.

• A Power of Attorney should be unconditional

• Death, insolvency or insanity of the account holder terminates the Power of Attorney

• Minor cannot give a POA to others

• A Power of Attorney holder cannot overdraw/close/transfer the account of the Principal.  Registration of POA is optional

• Sec 201 of Indian contract act cancels the POA if POA holder dies, become insane or insolvent.

• Mandate letters do not attract stamp duty whereas Power of Attorney attracts stamp duty

Rationale: Mandate letter do not attract stamp duty because these letters are considered on as an operational instruction to the banker.  Such letters are exempted from stamp duty as per Indian stamp act.   Mandate letters should not be witnessed, otherwise it will attract stamp duty   

POA – Delegatee cannot further delegate. Sec 190 Indian Contract act. 

INSOLVENTS :

 INSOLVENTS :

Insolvency is civil death

Sec 4 of Insolvency Act 1920 – It is a state of Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy – Legal status of a person or organisation – imposed by Court order 

• An insolvent person cannot be a partner in a firm (S.34 of Partnership Act) including a sleeping partner.

• An insolvent person cannot be a director of a company (S.164 of new Companies Act)

• An insolvent person can be an agent, trustee, secretary etc 

• An un-discharged insolvent is a person who is unable to repay his liabilities

• Bank should stop operations on the joint account when one of the joint account holder becomes insolvent irrespective of mode of operation

• In the case of an insolvent, the Official Receiver will be the true owner to receive the money belonging to that person. 

If a credit is received, it should not be credited to insolvent but only to Official Receiver.

Rationale: Banks do not open account for un-discharged insolvent.  Assets of insolvent person rest with official receiver appointed by court.  Banks may have to handover the deposit to official receiver in case such an account is opened.

Liquidation: Company/Business/Firm terminated. After creditors are paid share holders get the remaining. 

PARDANASHIN LADY:

 PARDANASHIN LADY:

One who lives in exclusion of outside world; Orthodox lady. She lives in exclusion

• A contract with a pardanashin lady is voidable - Presumption of undue influence ; – free consent unavailable

Signature to be attested by husband if married

Signature to be attested by father if unmarried

• Banks do not open an account for an illiterate pardanashin lady

• It is the responsibility of banks to prove that the contract with a pardanashin lady was free from undue influence.

• Banks can open an account for literate pardanashin lady provided she completes the formalities of giving photographs and complying with KYC norms

• A pardanashin lady can be a partner in a partnership firm 

• A muslim pardanashin lady cannot be the natural guardian of a Muslim minor

• Banks do not open a current account for a pardanashin lady even if she is a literate as she may not understand the complexities of current accounts

MARRIED WOMEN :

 MARRIED WOMEN :

• Hindu married women are governed by Hindu Succession Act whereas for other religion it is Indian Succession Act / Married Women’s Property Act.

Changing name is permitted after getting evidence

She can enter into contract and enforceable against her separate estate.

Cannot be declared insolvent

• According to law, a married woman is defined as a person who has no independent of source of income and is dependent on her husband for her neccessaries of life.

• A married woman cannot be arrested or imprisoned for non-payment of a loan as per Civil Procedure Code (S.56) (1909) 

• Any loan sanctioned to a married woman for her necessaries with the consent of her husband, can be recovered from her husband

BLIND PERSONS:

 BLIND PERSONS:

• The bank can open all types of deposit accounts in the name of blind persons with single or joint operations. Cheque book facility can also be provided.

• Current account can also be opened in the name of a blind person.

Rationale: Chief Commissioner of Physically disabled - Court has given a judgement that the blind persons should be considered on par with other normal persons and all types of banking facilities should be extended to such persons. Accordingly RBI has advised all banks to provide all types of banking facilities to such persons.

Branch & ATMs : Provision of Ramps and Brailee Key Pads

ILLITERATES :

 ILLITERATES :

• An illiterate can enter into valid contracts.

• An illiterate can give a Power of Attorney to a person to operate his account.

• Banks do not open cheque book facility a/c for an illiterate only for operational difficulties. Those who do not desire should not be given ATM card.

• Banks also do not open current account for illiterates.

• Banks always take only left hand thumb impression on the withdrawal slip for an illiterate.

• Two illiterates can open a joint SB account on E or S basis.

• Such accounts are to be witnessed       

Illiterate’s Photo in Pass  Book : Ghosh Committee

JAIIB legal Minors

 MINORS :

• Under sec 3 of Majority act 1875 a person is a minor as per law if he has not attained 18 years of age.

• Also applicable in case of court appointed guardian.

• A minor cannot ratify the debt incurred by him during his minority after he attains majority.

• A contract with a minor is void ab-initio (Sec.11 of IC Act)

• The legal heirs of a minor are his natural guardians. 

Guardian appointed by Court : Legal Guardian

By will of father – Testamentary Guardian (only after death of Father and Mother)

• Supreme court judgement allows the Bank to open and operate account solely in the name of mother when father is alive. Father & Mother are natural guardians. 

• A minor cannot be a partner in the firm. He can be admitted only for the benefits (Sec.30 of partnership Act)Cannot be a director Sec 164 of Companies Act

• A minor can ratify the transactions of the firm only if he decides to become a partner of the firm.  In that case the bank has to obtain a ratification letter confirmation letter) from him to make him liable for all the activities of the firm during his minority.

• A minor cannot appoint an agent but he can be an agent (Sec.183 of IC Act) but he will not be personal liable, only the prinicpal will be liable for all the acts of the minor agent.

• Any necessaries supplied to the minor, it can be recovered out of his estate (S.68 of Indian Contract Act.

• Even if any loan is taken by the minor by misrepresenting his age, it cannot be recovered after he attains majority 

Rationale: If any loan is granted to the minor by taking a guarantee, it cannot be recovered either from the minor or from the guarantor since the guarantor’s liability exists only along with the borrower’s  liability. If the borrower is not liable, than the guarantor is also not liable.

Minor cannot nominate, however, personally authorized to act (guardian) on behalf of the minor can nominate.

• In the case of a Muslim minor, mother will not be a natural guardian. It is only the father, or executor of father’s will or father’s father or executor of father’s father’s will or court appointed guardian.

• Two minor can open a Joint SB account but to be operated jointly. No E or S account will be opened as it would amount to entering into a contract which is void.

• A minor cannot be declared insolvent. Since an insolvent is a person who cannot repay the liability as he has no assets to repay. But a minor cannot incur any liability as he is incapable of entering into contract. Hence he cannot be declared insolvent.

• Minor 10 years and above – SB / TDR account max Rs.2 lacs TDR period max 10 years – uniform signature. Banks risk. 14 years ATM classic card

• By guardian no age restriction. Consolidated balance Rs.20 lacs max. 

Pehli Udan – 10 years & above Uniform signature. Cheque leaf 10, ATM photo id card, ATM withdrawal 5,000; INB Rs.5000; MBS Rs.2000 A/c Rs.5 lacs; CIF Rs.10 lacs

Pehla Kadam – Jt. Operation or single operation by parent

Sole Name of Minor: on attaining majority formalities: a) confirm balance b) submit fresh SS/Photo; c) Declaration and Proof of majority; d) Form 60/61 or PAN card.

• Acc to Sec 26 of NI act, minor can draw, endorse or negotiate a cheque or Bill of Exchange but he cannot be held liable.  He cannot be sued. Bill is valid, other parties are liable.

Rationale : Minor cannot be declared insolvent – Insolvent is a person who is not capable of repaying his liabilities because he has no assets to repay whereas a minor cannot incur any liabilities during his minority since he is incapable of entering into contract as per sec 11 of contract act.  Hence a minor cannot be declared as an insolvent.

Rationale: Bank has to obtain rectification letter from the minor who has attained majority and has become a partner in a firm – This letter is obtained from him in order to make him liable for all the debts and liabilities incurred by the firm during his minority otherwise he may try to escape the liability of the firm incurred in the past.

Accountant Standards:-List of ICAI’s Mandatory Accounting Standards (AS 1~29)

 Updated list of accounting standards:-

AFB 


Accountant Standards:-List of ICAI’s Mandatory Accounting Standards (AS 1~29)

Download PDF copy of Mandatory Accounting Standards of ICAI (as on 1 July 2017 and onwards), as under:

Description

AS 1 Disclosure of Accounting Policies

AS 2 Valuation of Inventories (amended) *

AS 3 Cash Flow Statements

AS 4 Contingencies and Events Occurring after the Balance Sheet Date *

AS 5 Net Profit or Loss for the period,Prior Period Items and Changes in Accounting Policies

AS 6 Depreciation Accounting (withdrawn) *

AS 7 Construction Contracts (revised 2002)

AS 8 Accounting for Research and Development (withdrawn for AS 26)

AS 9 Revenue Recognition

AS 10 Accounting for Fixed Assets (amended) *

AS 11 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates (revised 2003) **

AS 12 Accounting for Government Grants

AS 13 Accounting for Investments (amended) *

AS 14 Accounting for Amalgamations (amended) *

AS 15 Employee Benefits (revised 2005)

AS 16 Borrowing Costs

AS 17 Segment Reporting

AS 18 Related Party Disclosures

AS 19 Leases

AS 20 Earnings Per Share

AS 21 Consolidated Financial Statements (amended) *

AS 22 Accounting for Taxes on Income

AS 23 Accounting for Investments in Associates in Consolidated Financial Statements

AS 24 Discontinuing Operations

AS 25 Interim Financial Reporting

AS 26 Intangible Assets

AS 27 Financial Reporting of Interests in Joint Ventures

AS 28 Impairment of Assets

AS 29 Provisions,Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (amended) *. List of ICAI’s Non-Mandatory Accounting Standards (AS 30~32)

ICAI has announced on 15 Nov. 2016 that ‘AS 30- Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’, ‘AS 31- Financial Instruments: Presentation’, ‘AS 32- Financial Instruments: Disclosures’ stands withdrawn

Sunday, 6 December 2020

PPB recollected questions on 06.12.2020

 06.12.2020

SMA-0 Principal or interest payment not overdue for more than 30 days but account showing signs of incipient stress

SMA-1 Principal or interest payment overdue between 31-60 days

SMA-2 Principal or interest payment overdue between 61-90 days

Governor of the Reserve Bank of India – Chairperson, ex officio; (Shri Shaktikanta Das) of MPC

5 Mark's question are easy just odd one out you can manage them easily

Many questions on ethics and professionalism

One question was there on there on LC financing

Call money

Locker nomination

CRR

Conflict of interest

Penetration marketing

Minor do not want to be a partner

Basel 2 and 3,

Marketing mix,

case studies on nomination in locker accounts,

LANS,

business value,

Ethical dilemma,

pledge,

hypo, .

mortgage and assignment match the following,

numerical on NPA provision for doubtful assets.

Priority sector advances to weaker sections,

updated investment and turnover for micro industries,

diversification,

MKIS

customer banker relationship

question regarding SWITF


PMJDY

PMAPY

PMJJBY

PMSBY

Fair practice of lending

Non popular social networking site

Code of conduct for Direct Sales Agent made by?

Valuation of Mutual fund on...

Pre shipment credit

FCNR(B) is ___ form of term deposit

Data mining tools

Frauds committed by large number of customers

Call money market

Minor who doesn't want to be in partnership should do...

Business facilitator work on behalf of...

Ethical Dilemma

Increase in CRR...

type of mergers

Locker operation related

current ratio compare

Liberalized Remittance scheme related

marketing 15 question

ethics 15 questions

Cash management services related

Mutual fund scheme

NPA- D1, D2 related questions

Provisioning numerical

Priority sector related

Identify weaker section

Endorsement case study

Banking regulation act ke question

Rangarajan Committee

Narasimham committee

Classification of Assets 

Computerization in Banks 

Priority Sector – Target 

Money Market 

Marketing Ethics 

Match the Following – Vehicle, LIC Policy, Land, Hypothecation, Pledge Etc 

Provision of Doubtful Assets 

Banking Regulation ACT 

NPA 

General Banking – Either or Survivor 

MSME 

TNW 

Current Ratio 

SWIFT – related working DAYS 

CRILC – who developed (Ans: RBI) 

REPO RATE – Definition 

MICRO/SMALL /MEDIUM 

ISO Standards for smart cards – ISO 7816

ATM 

Weaker sections in PSL 

PMJJBY 

Mortgage 

MCLR 

PRODUCT MIX 

Ex-Officio chairman of MPC (Ans: RBI Governor)

Penalty of non-maintenance of CRR 

Debt Market 

Marketing & Product Development 

Product Life Cycle Stages 

NRLM Objective 

Letter of Credit 

Commercial Paper 

MKIS(Marketing Information System)

 Rangarajan Committee

Narasimham committee

Classification of Assets 

Computerization in Banks 

Priority Sector – Target 

Money Market 

Marketing Ethics 

Match the Following – Vehicle, LIC Policy, Land, Hypothecation, Pledge Etc 

Provision of Doubtful Assets 

Banking Regulation ACT 

NPA 

General Banking – Either or Survivor 

MSME 

TNW 

Current Ratio 

SWIFT – related working DAYS 

CRILC – who developed (Ans: RBI) 

REPO RATE – Definition 

MICRO/SMALL /MEDIUM 

ISO Standards for smart cards – ISO 7816

ATM 

Weaker sections in PSL 

PMJJBY 

Mortgage 

MCLR 

PRODUCT MIX 

Ex-Officio chairman of MPC (Ans: RBI Governor)

Penalty of non-maintenance of CRR 

Debt Market 

Marketing & Product Development 

Product Life Cycle Stages 

NRLM Objective 

Letter of Credit 

Commercial Paper

Business value

Ethical dilemma

Pledge, hypo, mortgage and assignment match the following

Numerical on NPA provision for doubtful assets

Priority sector advances to weaker sections

Updated investment and turnover for micro industries

Diversification

MKIS

Basel 2 and 3

Marketing Mix

Case studies on nomination in locker accounts

LAN

Questions on cheque conversion

call money market

PMJDY

Fair practice of lending

Non popular social networking site

Code of conduct for Direct Sales Agent made by?

Valuation of Mutual fund on…

Pre shipment credit

FCNR(B) is _ form of term deposit

Data mining tools

Frauds committed by large number of customers\

Call money market

Minor who doesn’t want to be in partnership should do…

Business facilitator work on behalf of…

Ethical Dilemma

Increase in CRR…

PMAPY

PMJJBY

PMSBY

Banking definition

Accept deposit purpose

Bank interest rates in marketing

Which one is not mkis

gross advance

Net working capital

Weaker section categories

Fair practice of lender 2 to 3 questions

mutual fund related 1

Rangarajan Committee

Narasimham committee

Classification of Assets

Computerization in Banks

Priority Sector – Target

Computerization in Banks

Priority Sector – Target

Money Market

Marketing Ethics

Match the Following – Vehicle, LIC Policy, Land, Hypothecation, Pledge Etc

Provision of Doubtful Assets

Banking Regulation ACT

NPA

General Banking – Either or Survivor

MSME

TNW

Current Ratio

SWIFT – related working DAYS

CRILC – who developed (Ans: RBI)

REPO RATE – Definition

MICRO/SMALL /MEDIUM

ISO Standards for smart cards – ISO 7816

ATM

Weaker sections in PSL

Mortgage

MCLR

PRODUCT MIX

Ex-Officio chairman of MPC (Ans: RBI Governor)

Penalty of non-maintenance of CRR

Debt Market

Marketing & Product Development

Product Life Cycle Stages

NRLM Objective

Letter of Credit

Marketing Ethics

Match the Following – Vehicle, LIC Policy, Land, Hypothecation, Pledge Etc

Provision of Doubtful Assets

Banking Regulation ACT

NPA

General Banking – Either or Survivor

MSME

TNW

Current Ratio

SWIFT – related working DAYS

CRILC – who developed (Ans: RBI)

REPO RATE – Definition

MICRO/SMALL /MEDIUM

ISO Standards for smart cards – ISO 7816

ATM

Mortgage

MCLR

Marketing & Product Development

Product Life Cycle Stages

NRLM Objective

Letter of Credit

Commercial Paper

MKIS(Marketing Information System)

JAIIB-ACCOUNTING & FINANCE FOR BANKERS-MOD-C

 JAIIB-ACCOUNTING & FINANCE FOR BANKERS-MOD-C

MODEL QUESTIONS


1) Which of the following may not be part of the reconciliation process.

a) Interest on overdraft

b) Dishonour of cheque

c) Cash drawn from bank

d) Cheque deposited but not collected


2) Which of the following is part of reconciliation.

a) Cash paid by customer to the trader

b) Cheque issued, presented, and on the debit side in the passbook and cashbook.

c) Bank charges debited.

d) b) & c)


3) Reconciliation of overcasting on receipts side of cash book

a) Increases the balance in the cash book.

b) Increases the balance in the passbook.

c) Decreases the balance in the cash book.

d) Decreases the balance in the passbook.


4) Which of the following is true

a) Bank Reconciliation Statement(BRC) is an account.

b) BRC is prepared by the bank.

c) BRC shows causes of disagreement between cash book & passbook.

d) BRC shows only excess of cash book over passbook.


5) If x is a credit balance in cash book carried forward on the debit side, then reconciliation is

a) Casting x on the debit side of cash book.

b) Casting 2x on the credit side of cash book.

c) Casting 2x on debit side of cash book.

d) Casting x on credit side of cash book.


6) If a trader enjoys an overdraft facility,then

a) His passbook will show debit balance.

b) His cash book will show credit balance .

c) Both a) & b).

d) Neither a) nor b).


7) Credit balance in a passbook indicates

a) excess of deposits over withdrawals.

b) excess of withdrawals over deposits.

c) debit balance in cash book.

d) b) & c).

e) a) & c).


8) At any point in time, cash book & passbook balances will not be same.

a) True.

b) False.

c) Maybe.


9) A trader has a strict overdraft limit of 10,000/-, overdraft balance of 9,500/-; issues 2 cheques of 500/- each, which are presented, then

a) His cash book will show higher overdraft balance than passbook.

b) His cash book will show lesser overdraft balance than passbook.

c) His cash book will show same balance as passbook.

d) Neither a) nor b) nor c).


10) Direct deposit by a customer in the bank with no overdraft facility

a) Shows a higher passbook balance than cash book.

b) Shows a lesser passbook balance than cash book.

c) Shows no difference.

d) None of the above.


11) Credit sale of X to Suresh is posted to his credit , then rectification is

a) Credit Suresh to the extent of 2X.

b) Credit Suresh to the extent of X.

c) Debit Suresh to the extent of 2X.

d) Debit Suresh to the extent of X.  


12) Freight expenses for carrying Machinery is carried to Travel a/c, then

rectification in trial balance is

a) Debit machinery a/c and credit travel a/c.

b) Credit machinery a/c and debit travel a/c

c) Credit profit and loss account and debit travel a/c.

d) Debit profit and loss a/c( P&L a/c) and credit travel a/c.


13) Goods worth X sold to Vijay was entered in purchase account;

       The rectification is

a) Credit purchases and credit sales to the extent of X each & debit Vijay.

b) Debit purchases and debit sales to the extent of X each & credit Vijay.

c) Debit sales to the extent of 2X.

d) Credit purchases to the extent of 2X.


14) Machinery worth (WDV) 1000/- sold for 1200/- is entered in sales register. The rectification is

a) Credit sales 1200/-, debit machinery 1000/- and debit P&L a/c 200/-.

b) Debit sales 1200/- , credit machinery 1000/- and credit P&L a/c 200/-.

c) Credit machinery 1200/-, debit sales 1000/- and debit P&L a/c 200/-.

d) Debit machinery 1200/-, credit sales 1000/- and credit P&L a/c 200/-.


       15) Sales return of amount X from Vijay was wrongly entered in purchase book.

              The rectification is

a) Debit sales to the extent of 2X.

b) Credit purchases to the extent of 2X.

c) Credit Vijay 2X debit sales and purchases to the extent X each.

d) Debit sales return and credit purchases.


16) Which of the following will not affect Trial Balance

a) Goods sold on credit not recorded in books.

b) Overstating of sales register.

c) Rent account credited instead of debit.

d) Salary debited to the extent ½ the amount. 


17) Suspense a/c is not used in which of the following cases.

a) before trial balance.

b) after trial balance.

c) before final accounts.

d) none of the above.


18)Which of the following is true

a) Trial balance ensures arithmetical accuracy.

b) Trial balance errors are not located then the difference is sent to suspense a/c.

c) Trial balance is base for final accounts.

d) All of the above.


19) Statement showing debit and credit balances of ledger accounts is

a) Gross trial balance

b) Net trial balance

c) Trial balance

d) None of the above


20) Which of the following are true

a) Nominal accounts always have credit balances.

b) Real accounts always have debit balances.

c) Debit balance in ledger account is credit balance in trial balance.

d) P&L a/c appears in trial balance.


21) Freight expenses for moving machinery to factory is

a) Revenue expenses

b) Deferred revenue expenditure

c) Capital expenditure

d) None of the above


22) Which of the following is false

a) Replacement of defective part of machinery is revenue expenditure

b) Daily wages paid for erection /installing of machinery is capital expenditure

c) Underwriting commission for issue of shares is revenue expenditure

d) Excess of sale price of Machinery over its W D Value but less than cost price is treated as revenue receipt


23) Which of the following is not a deferred revenue expenditure

a) Preliminary expenses for setting up a company.

b) Rights issue amount.

c) Huge sales promotion expenditure in launch of new product

d) Cost of preparing project report


24) Match the columns:

  a) Purchase of land for premises 1) Deferred Revenue Expenditure (c)

  b) Purchase of machinery for sale 2) Capital Expenditure (a)

  c) Legal expenses for issue of shares 3) Revenue Expenses (b)

  d) Excess of sale price of asset over

       W D Value 4) Capital Receipt (e)

   e) Excess of sale price of asset over

       cost price 5) Revenue Receipt (d )


25) For an expense to be classified as revenue or capital depends on

  a) Kind of expense

  b) Duration of the benefit of the expenditure

  c) Effect on revenue earning capacity

  d) All of the above


26) Inflation of current profits could be on account of

  a) Inflation of closing stock in current year

  b) Deflation of closing stock in current year

  c) Inflation of closing stock in previous year

  d) None of the above


27) Cost of goods sold is

  a) Opening stock + purchases + closing stock

  b) Opening stock + purchases – closing stock

  c) Opening stock – purchases + closing stock

  d) None of above


28) In LIFO method of inventory valuation

  a) Issue of stocks to production is at latest price

  b) Closing stock is at latest price

  c) Both a) & b)

  d) Neither a) nor b)


29) In FIFO method of inventory valuation

  a) Closing stock is at latest price

  b) Issue of stocks to production is at earliest price

  c) Both a) & b)

  d) Neither a) nor b)


30)Which of the following is most desirable

  a) Pricing issue of goods to match current material costs

  b) Overstating profits

  c) Understating profits

  d) none of the above


31) In a market of falling prices which is the best option

  a) LIFO

  b) FIFO

  c) Weighted average cost method (WACM)

  d) a) or b)

  e) b) or c)


32) In a rising market which is the best option

  a) LIFO

  b) FIFO

  c) WACM

  d) a) or c)

  e) b) or c)


33) As per accounting standards which of the following is not a preferred method

        a) LIFO

        b) FIFO

        c) WACM

        d) All of them


34) Consider the following:

01/04 Opening stock of 1000 units at Rs. 10/- each

10/04 Purchases of 500 units at Rs. 9/- each

16/04 Purchases of 300 units at Rs. 11/- each

18/04 Goods of 300 units released to production

31/04 Books closed

 Answer the following: under LIFO under FIFO under WACM  

 Goods released to production @ Rs 11/- @ Rs. 10/- @ Rs. 9.89/-

 Closing stock @ Rs.10/- @ Rs. 11/- @ Rs. 9.89/


35)Cost of goods sold reflects the usual physical flow of goods. This

statement is true of

        a) LIFO

        B) FIFO

        c) WACM

        d) Adjusted selling price method


36) The ending inventory may be taken at prevailing prices years ago. This

statement is true of

         a) LIFO

         b) FIFO

         c) WACM

         d) Adjusted selling price method

         Read the following and answer :

         Drawer is ‘A’

         Drawee is ‘B’

         Endorsee is ‘C’


            In the books of ‘A’


      37) Bills receivable a/c dr.

              to B

        a) Bill accepted by ‘A’

        b) Bill accepted by ‘ B’

        c) Bill retired by ‘B’

        d) None of the above


      38) ‘C’ a/c dr.

                to Noting Charges   

                to Bills Receivable

a) Bill dishonoured and received back from ‘C’.

b) Bill accepted by ‘B’ but dishonoured

c) ‘A’ cancels endorsement

d) None of the above

                         .

      39) Bill sent for collection a/c dr.

                 To Bank

a) Bill is paid by ‘B’

b) Bill is dishonoured by ‘B’

c) Amount paid to bank by ‘A’ after dishonour

d) None of the above


              In the books of ‘B’

      40) Bills payable a/c dr.

                to bank  

a) Bill accepted by ‘B’

b) Bill retired by ‘B’

c) Bill dishonoured by ‘B’

d) Bill sent by ‘A’ for payment


      41) Bank a/c dr.

                  To bills payable

a) Bill accepted by ‘B’

b) Bill dishonoured by ‘B’

c) Bill paid by ‘B’

d) None of the above


42) Which of the following is not true

a) there is no difference in appearance between trade  

and accommodation bill.

b) A bill of exchange must be accepted

c) Drawee is maker of a bill

d) Accommodation bill is for an imaginary transaction


43) Which of the following is true

a) An insolvent is a person from whom some portion of the debt is recoverable

b) Drawer drags the drawee to court in case of dishonour of accommodation

Bill.

c) A bill drawn for mutual help is an accommodation bill

d) Drawee is a person to whom bill is endorsed


44) Noting charges are

a) Paid to bank for dishonour

b) Paid to drawer for dishonour

c) Paid to notary public for recording dishonour

d) None of the above.


45) Which of the is true

a) Del Credere commission is calculated on credit sales

b) Value of goods sent on consignment is debited to consignee a/c.

c) The relationship between consignor and consignee is that of principal and agent.

d) The statement of sales sent by consignee is called account sale.


46) Goods lost in transit is

a) Nominal loss

b) Abnormal loss

c) Casual loss

d) Conditional loss


47) Due to tsunami a ship of consignment goods sinks. This loss is called

a) contingent loss

b) Nominal loss

c) Abnormal loss

d) Casual loss


48) Which of the following is true for leasing and hire purchase

a) Lessor and vendor can claim depreciation.

b) Lessor and hirer can claim depreciation.

c) Lessee and hirer can claim depreciation.

d) Lessee and vendor can claim depreciation.


49) In sum of digits method for 5 years which of the following is the 1st year’s allocation ratio.

a) 1/15

b) 2/15

c) 3/15

d) 4/15

e) 5/15


50) Which of the following is true

a) Total lease rent = cost of asset - total finance income + residual value

b) Total finance income = total lease rent – cost of asset + residual value

c) Total finance income = cost of asset – total lease rent + residual value

d) Cost of the asset = total lease rent + residual value + total finance income


51) The break up of lease rentals into total finance income ,lease equalization and depreciation represents the principle of

a) Equity

b) Consistency

c) Conservatism

d) Materialism


52) Which of the following is not true for a lessee in a lease transaction?

a) reduction in capital investment

b) reduction in tax liability

c) risk of obsolescence

d) rentals can be expensive


53) Lease terminal adjustment account is a balance sheet account

Its treatment is in the following. Identify the correct one.  

a) if it is debit balance it is deducted from the W D V of the asset.

b) If it is credit balance it is added to the W D V of the asset.

c) If it is credit balance it is deducted from the W D V of the asset.

d) None of the above.


54) If statutory depreciation > annual lease charge then

a) The difference is added to the P & L a/c.

b) The difference is subtracted from the P & L a/c.

c) The difference is taken to the bank account

d) None of the above.


55) Residual value is

a) Possible resale value after the asset is written off in the books.

b) Real value arrived at after calculation.

c) Negligible balance after the asset is written off over the useful life of the asset.

d) a) or c)


56) In operating lease the period is

a) Less than the useful life of the asset.

b) Greater than the useful life of the asset.

c) Equal to the useful life of the asset.


57) In comparing lease & hire purchase (H P) there are differences & similarities.

       Of the following which one is not true?

a) In lease the user of the asset does not retain it, while in H P he does.

b) In lease the user does not claim depreciation while he does in H P.

c) Payment of rentals is on instalment basis in both.

d) The users of assets in both lease & H P run the risk of obsolescence.


58) Receipts and payments statement shows

a) Only revenue receipts and payments during a year.

b) Only capital receipts & payments during a year.

c) Both capital and revenue receipts during a year.

d) ‘Cash Only’ transactions.  


59) Income for the year = I, Outstanding Income for previous year = Id,

       Outstanding Income of current year = Idi, then Receipts for the year is

a) I – Idi + Id

b) I + Idi – Id

c) I + Idi + Id

d) None of the above.


60) Opening balance of asset = Oi, Closing balance of asset = Oc, Depn. = D,

       Then addition to the asset during the year is

a) Oc – D – Oi

b) Oi + D – Oc

c) Oc + D – Oi

d) Oi – D – Oc


      61) Tick in the appropriate column for a Non-Trading Organization

          Item Revenue Receipt Capital Receipt

         a) Donations for sports meet √

         b) Donations by Legacy/Will √

         c) Grant for playground √

         d) Life membership fees √

         e) Profit on sale of fixed assets √


62) For a Non- Trading Organization, a P & L statement is

       called an Income & Expenditure statement because.

They often make losses.

They are forbidden by statute to make profits

By object of their association they are non profit making bodies.

Their income & expenditure statement are a combination of capital & revenue

       receipts.


63) The useful or service life of a tangible asset is limited by physical process of wearing out. This is called.

obsolescence

deterioration

depreciation

depletion


64) All costs be they revenue or capital will have matching revenues

        over a period of time. This accounting process is called

amortization

depreciation

depletion

all of these


65) Which of the following is not true

Depreciation is an expense charged to the P & L a/c.

Depreciation is not a part of the operating costs.

Assets that are depreciated are tangible assets.

Depreciation is like an insurance expense.


66) Under written down value method of Depn., the W D V of the asset is always

a) equal to zero

b) < zero

c) > zero


67)Depreciation shrinks the

scrap value of the asset

market value of the asset

residual value of the asset  

book value of the asset


68) Depreciation is an estimate because

a) rates of depreciation are not fixed

b) residual value of the asset is not known

c) useful life of the asset is difficult to ascertain

d) a) & b)

e) b) & c)


69) In sinking fund method of depreciation accounting

a) A fund is created at the beginning to which

depreciation is charged annually.

b) Since acquiring an asset results in sunk costs

depreciation of the asset is called so.

c) Depreciation charged annually is transferred to a fund

which is invested in growth and income generating

securities to take care of the replacement of the asset.

d) None of the above.


70) What is G A A P

a) General American Accounting Practices.

b) Greatly Accepted Accounting Practices.

c) Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

d) Good American Accounting Practices.

HOW TO BE HAPPY ALWAYS

 HOW TO BE HAPPY ALWAYS

Happiness – the mantra every human being on this earth is often chanting now a day. Then, we must know what actually the “happiness” is? If I ask this question, few people may reply that having bungalow, big car, handsome salary and good bank balance – is happiness. Some may say keeping good health, others may say earning name and fame in the society. Then after getting all the materialistic comforts like car, bunglow, bank balance, name and fame, is human being staying happily throughout their life? These things may keep the person happy for a temporary period only, but not always. In reality, happiness is available to all of us, right now. A bunglow or a new car won’t actually make a person happier; it is the simple joy in life that brings true happiness.

Then, what to do to attain the real happiness in our life, which will be with us forever. Here are some interesting areas one can choose as per their interest to lead a real happy life.

1. Help Others:

Sometimes after accomplishing their personal goals, people still feel empty inside because they have not made meaningful contribution to someone else’s life to those who are in real need. Helping needy and downtrodden people in the society makes people finding their own happiness.

2. Share with others:

When we share our ideas, our time and our abilities with others, we feel better for it. A life lived without sharing can become lonely and boring. When you share with others, they will also feel great towards you and help you to feel more happiness in your life.

3. Smile More:

Whenever there is an opportunity, smile and make people around you also smile. Smile costs nothing. In fact smile rejuvenates your nerves system, helps relief from tension. Smile can make you happier.

4. Spend time with your loved ones:

After completing your office / business work, spend the leisure time with your family and children. Try to take food with all the family members once in a day, preferably at night. Keep away all your electronic gadgets when you are spending time together. This enables focused attention towards our loved ones. Make sure that you are a fond member of the family who cares for them.

Friends and relatives are also plays a prominent role in our life. Try to allocate time and meet them occasionally and interact with them. Try to plan for holidays at least twice in a year with family and

friends. This helps not only keeps you happy, but makes the entire family and friends happy and strengthen the bondage among you all.

5. Dump negative thinking:

It is quite natural for a human being to carry negative feelings, negative thoughts for long time. Moreover, they do not leave this negativity easily. Because of this characteristic, people feel sorrow, stressed and unable to live happily. Once a person comes out from these negative thoughts then only they can be happy in their life. To overcome this, try to choose people with positive mindset as your companion and try to spend time with them.

6. Forgive and forget:

The greatest virtue in a human being is “Forgiveness”. A person who forgives faults, mistakes, and wrong doings of others will be adjudged as a saint. By virtue of this forgiveness, the heart and mind is clean always and he/she does not carry any grudge against any one, which enables the person to lead a happiest life.

7. Be yourself:

As Steve Jobs said, “your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life”. Accept who you are, just be yourself and you will feel a world of difference.

Hope, everyone try to follow these small traits and get immense happiness throughout their life. Finally I would like to conclude this with the following saying of Lord Gautama Buddha



☕ 06.12.2020: Today's Banking / Financial News at a Glance

 🙏 Good Morning All.... 🌻👩‍👩‍👧‍👦


☕ 06.12.2020: Today's Banking / Financial News at a Glance


🍒 BBB recommends S Ramann for post of SIDBI chairman & managing director : The Banks Board Bureau (BBB), the headhunter for state-owned banks and financial institutions, on Saturday recommended S Ramann and Shivendra Tomar for the posts of CMD and MD of SIDBI and IFCI, respectively. The members of the Banks Board Bureau interviewed 20 candidates on December 4 and 5, 2020 for the vacancy of chairman and managing director (CMD) of Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), the BBB said in a statement. "Keeping in view their performance in the interview and their overall experience, the bureau recommends S Ramann for the position of chairman and managing director in SIDBI," it said. Ramann, 1991-batch Indian Audit & Accounts Service officer, is currently CEO of National E-Governance Services Limited (NeSL), India's first Information Utility. Besides, the Bureau recommended Shivendra Tomar for the post of MD and CEO of IFCI. - economic times


🍒 PNB to hold roadshow for proposed Rs 7,000 crore QIP next week : Punjab National Bank on Saturday said it will hold a roadshow for the proposed Rs 7,000 crore qualified institutional placement (QIP) issue next week. The bank will be participating again in the non-deal roadshow and meeting prospective investors on December 7-8, 2020, PNB said in a regulatory filing. The bank has taken approval for raising Rs 7,000 crore through Qualified Institutional Placement (QIP) route this fiscal. In a non-deal roadshow, nothing is for sale, a bank official said, adding it is an opportunity to discuss and develop interest in an upcoming offer. The bank has already taken approval from the board for raising Rs 14,000 crore by way of Tier II, Additional Tier 1 (AT-1) bonds and QIP (Qualified Institutional Placement), PNB Managing Director S S Mallikarjuna Rao had said last month. - Business Standard


🍒 Invest more in IT infrastructure for better reach: RBI Governor : The window to banking is now as wide as the worldwide web – so vast that protecting new-gen customers transacting online could soon tell success from failure in an industry that, for centuries, thrived on networking behind closed doors. With banking taking on an increasingly digital accent each passing day, Mint Road is now buttressing standards around grievance resolution and customer protection to ensure continued confidence in the burgeoning virtual channels that are crucial for financial inclusion. “Lakhs of internet banking customers cannot be put under distress,” Das said Friday, underscoring the need to strengthen both banking technology systems — and their supervision. “The financial sector is becoming increasingly IT-dependent and requisite investments by banks and NBFCs are necessary,” Das said. “We are constantly engaging with the entities around deficiencies…as the apex regulator of the banking and payment systems, certain action becomes unavoidable.”- economic times


🍒 RBI survey revises forecast for real GDP growth upwards for FY’21, FY’22 : The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) latest Survey of Professional Forecasters (SPF) has revised the forecast for real gross domestic product (GDP) growth upwards for FY21 and FY22 vis-a-vis the last round of SPF. The 67th round of SPF has projected a lower contraction of 8.5 per cent (median forecast) in real GDP in FY21 versus the 66th SPF round’s estimate of a 9.1 per cent contraction. Real GDP is expected to recover next year (FY22), when it is expected to grow by 9.5 per cent against earlier projection of 8.2 per cent, as per the Survey. The latest Survey has revised upwards the headline consumer price index (CPI) inflation projections for all the four quarters (Q3: October-December 2020 and Q4: January-March 2021; and Q1: April-June 2021 and Q2: July-September 2021) when compared with the previous survey round - Business Line


🍒 Consumer confidence takes a beating in November: RBI survey : Consumer confidence remained very low in November 2020 compared to a year ago, as reflected in the Current Situation Index (CSI), as per Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Consumer Confidence Survey. The weak confidence is attributable to consumer sentiments on the general economic situation, employment scenario, price levels and household incomes, according to the central bank. The November 2020 CSI reading came in at 52.3 against 85.7 in November 2019. The latest CSI reading, however, showed a marginal improvement over the all-time low of 49.9 recorded in the previous (September 2020) round. Households remain optimistic of the situation one year ahead, with the Future Expectations Index (FEI) remaining in growth terrain at 115.9, against 114.5 in the November 2019 round. - Business Line


🍒 ‘Investor response to PMC Bank resolution positive’ : Potential investors’ response to the Expression of Interest (EoI) floated by the scam-hit Punjab and Maharashtra Co-operative (PMC) Bank for investment/ equity participation for reconstructing the bank looks positive at this point of time, according to Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das. To a specific question as to why YES Bank and Lakshmi Vilas Bank could be resolved quickly but not PMC Bank, Das said the situation in PMC Bank was completely different. “The last date for submission of EoI is December 15. Let us see what is the response and after that we can take a view on this,” said the Governor. The bank, and its management, are engaged with investors who have purchased the information memorandum, he added - Business Line


🍒 In growth push, RBI continues liquidity support : The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) on Friday left the policy repo rate unchanged at 4 per cent, for the third time on the trot. This was widely expected given the sticky retail inflation which, in the RBI’s view, is likely to remain elevated. However, to support the nascent recovery in the economy, the six-member MPC persisted with its accommodative stance and decided to continue with it for as long as necessary to revive growth on a durable basis. The MPC forecast the retail inflation to hold above its midpoint target of 4 per cent in the second half of 2020-21. Its members unanimously voted to keep the policy rate unchanged. With the outlook for inflation turning adverse relative to expectations in the last two months, the MPC projected CPI (consumer price index) inflation at 6.8 per cent for Q3 FY 21 and 5.8 per cent for Q4 FY21. The CPI inflation for the first half of FY22 has been forecast at 4.6-5.2 per cent, with risks broadly balanced. - Business Line


🍒 KVG Bank launches OD facility for farmers : The Dharwad-headquartered regional rural bank, Karnataka Vikas Grameen Bank (KVGB), has launched an overdraft (OD) facility for farmers. Speaking at the launch of the ‘Kirishi OD’ scheme designed for farmers, P Gopi Krishna, Chairman of the bank, said that the farmers are provided with an OD facility based on the value of the land. The limit is capped to a maximum of ₹1.5 lakh per acre to irrigated lands and ₹1 lakh per acre to dry land. The facility can be used for working capital requirements such as maintenance of machinery and equipment, repair and replacement of machinery, agricultural allied activities and even for the repayment of private loans availed for personal use. He said the uncontrolled weather, escalating natural disasters, and the current Covid situation have made farmers vulnerable. “To ease the situation, KVGB has designed a special OD facility for the farmers to help them to cope with the situation,” he added. - Business Line


🍒 Satin Creditcare Network to expand in South India : Microfinance company Satin Creditcare Network Ltd plans to strengthen its presence in the South with the opening of a few more branches, said the company’s Chief Operating Officer K Thangaraju. As part of its expansion plan, the company opened four branches at Perundurai, Udumalpet, Kinnathukadavu and Dharapuram in this region about 10 days back, and a regional office in Coimbatore on Friday. With 84 branches in the South (of which 53 and 31 are in the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka respectively), the company is looking to further strengthen its network in the South. Thangaraju said that the company has extended loans amounting to ₹360 crore to women self-help groups (SHGs) over the last two years. - Business Line


🍒 Gold Prices Decline To Rs 49,209 Per 10 Gram, Gains 2.66% For The Week : Gold prices edged lower to settle at Rs 49,209 per 10 gram on December 4 as participants trimmed their long position as seen by the open interest. The precious metal after hitting a low of Rs 47,792 on Monday ended the week with a gain of 2.66 percent for the week. In the retail market, the bullion metal settled at Rs 49,316 per gram on Friday up nearly 1 percent for the week on hopes of additional US stimulus and weakness in the dollar. The gold/silver ratio currently stands at 78.19 to 1, which means the amount of silver required to buy one ounce of gold. The retail silver prices eased Rs 54 to Rs 63,064 per kg from its closing on December 3.


🍒 Sensex, Nifty Create History: Over 60 Stocks In bse500 Index Rise 10-50% In A Week : Indian market created history as bulls pushed benchmark indices beyond crucial psychological levels in the holiday-shortened week. The S&P BSE Sensex surpassed Mount 45K while Nifty50 managed to hold 13,100-13,200 levels. The S&P BSE Sensex rose 2.1 percent while the Nifty50 climbed 2.2 percent for the week ended December 4 while the action was more prominent in the broader market space.The S&P BSE Mid-cap index rose 2.8 percent while the S&P BSE Smallcap index closed with gains of 2.6 percent for the week ended December 4. There are as many as 65 stocks in the BSE500 index that rose 10-50% in just 4 sessions that include names like KNR Construction, Tata Power, Maruti Suzuki, Sun Pharma, Adani Enterprises, Hindalco, Oberoi Realty, SAIL, SpiceJet, Tata Chemicals, and Adani Power, etc. among others. - moneycontrol..


🙏 “All the Best… Have a Good day "🌻👩‍👩‍👧‍👦

Wednesday, 2 December 2020

💎*22 Pearls of financial wisdom*💎

 💎*22 Pearls of financial wisdom*💎


*1) Bonds are for storing wealth and equities are for creation of wealth*.


*2) In my opinion, the biggest asset one can have is zero debt*. 


*3) The greatest discipline in personal finance is living below your means*.


*4) As Ben Carlson says, emotions cannot be back tested. That’s why past bear market always looks like opportunities and future ones scary*. 


5) Early financial independence and early retirement are completely different. To me, the former is a blessing and the latter is a curse.


*6) Don’t think how it would have been if you’ve started 10 years ago. Start today and visualise how you would feel 10 years from now*. 


7) The neighbourhood we live determines our life style & spending. Need to be careful in choosing one which matches our goals and personality.


*8) Paying minimum balance regularly on credit card is the maximum sign that you’re getting into debt trap*.


9) Many are long term investors till next bear market. 


*10) Don’t take aggressive bets. Take measured risk. Remember one blunder can push you back by a decade or more in terms of wealth*. 


11) Big money can be made through high savings, wise investing and lots of patience. 


*12) One sign of progress in individual investor’s portfolio is no churn or very less churn*.


13) Trying to get rich fast is a foolproof way to lose what we have.


*14) Losing opportunities is far better than losing money. Don’t invest in fads*. 


15) “Making as much money as quickly as possible” is not an investment strategy. Unfortunately for most of us that is the strategy.


*16) Aggressive strategy cannot be a substitute for high savings. Save high and take moderate risk than saving less and taking high risk*. 


17) The day we realise not losing is as important as winning; we would stop blindly chasing returns. 


*18) Good periods are more than bad periods. By not timing, though we go through bad periods, do not miss even a single good period*. 


19) We’ll stop looking for quick money the moment we consider stocks as businesses and realise that our wealth grows in line with business growth.


*20) There are periods of high returns, low returns, no returns and negative returns. We need to go through all these to get long term returns*.


21) Listening to market forecasts is not only useless but can be very harmful too; if you start acting on them.


*22) The hard truth is only around 3% of our population are in a position to aspire for financial independence. Don’t waste this rare privilege*.

Tuesday, 1 December 2020

ETHICS IN BANKING – SELF PACED LEARNING : FINAL EXAM QUESTION BASED ON MEMORY

 ETHICS IN BANKING – SELF PACED LEARNING : FINAL EXAM QUESTION BASED ON MEMORY

Who argued that life lived in with the virtues is best life for any human being? 

Aristotle

What type of ethical system is utilitarianism? 

Normative Ethical System. 

Which among the following set higher standards and can also provide intense motivation for ethical behaviour? 

Religion 

Which among the following is a characteristic of Business Ethics? 

Moral Principle System 

 Who said in a capitalist economy, both industry nd customers co exist for the benefit of each other?

Adam Smith 

__________ is that things are as they are supposed to be , and not concealed in some caustically manner 

Openness 

Which among the following is a financial regulator in India 

PFRDA

Which among the following is not standard banking code of conduct ? 

Profitability 

How many components are there in Ethics ? 

Five 

How many types of utilitarianism is there in application angle? 

Two (Act & Rule)

Which among the following is not a type of Right? 

(Ans was none of these) 

Explanation of customary morality ? 

Egoism theory is based on ? 

Self Interest at centre point 

Which among the following action is unethical? 

Mis selling financial derivatives without seeing suitability and explaining the same 

________________ is a concept of desirable behaviour? 

Values 

_______________ are the standards of thoughts ?

Beliefs 

Which among the following is not Banks code for MSME? 

Helping in repayment of loan 

Which of the following risk is mostly associated with outsourcing ? 

Compliance Risk 

______________ is the use of third party to perform activities on a continual basis 

Outsourcing 

What type of code of conduct is to use bank resources for personal use? 

Abuse of official position

RBI notified commercial banks in India for implementation to avoid sexual harassments because of 

Hon Supreme Court guidelines 

Job discrimination means denial of opportunity based on 

Race/Religion, Caste & sex 

A business that makes nothing but profit is a poor kind of business is said by 

Henry Ford

As per CSR Act the companies should spent ______ percentage of their average net profit in the previous three years for CSR ? 

2% 

Who require urgent attention in bank service ? 

Under privileged or illiterate customers 

Which among the following is major cause of unethical behaviour ? 

Non availability of coded of Ethics Manual 

Which among the following is a remedial measures for breach of Ethics ? 

Nipping of the unethical behaviour in the bud

A fraud amounting to Rs 1 Crore in a foreign bank to be reported to ____________

Which among the following leadership style conforms to highest ethical behaviour standard?

Moral Leadership 

Emerging financial technology is ____________

FinTech

Data to be _________ while sending and receiving to avoid misuse? 

Encrypted 

_____________ covers literary or artistic work from misuse 

Copyright 

Exclusive right granted for invention of product or a process is 

Patent 

According to World bank __________ concerns the system by which companies are directed and controlled ? 

Corporate Governance 

How many types of corporate models are suggested by Bob Ticker ? 

Five 

A company with headquarters in one country and they operate in many countries 

MNC

_______________ carried out a publication titled “Foreign Bribery offence and its Enforcement in eastern Europe & Central Asia”

OECD

Which committee recommend Audit committee to be composed of solely independent directors, minimum with three directors, each of who is financially literate. 

Blue Ribbon Committee. 

GCNI has carried out how many initiatives so far in India ? 

Three 

Which of the following is a first source to learn core values like integrity, credibility, truthfulness, responsibility, fairness etc 

Family 

RBI has brought up the code on ethics to its employees through ___________

Ethics @ Work 

Which of the following business cycle lasts 15-20 years 

Kuznets cycles 

According to _____________ ethics derived from Greek word Ethos & Latin word Mores

Institute of Cornell-NY

Explanation of Ethical dilemma 

Which of the following is not true about virtues ?

Virtues is by birth

Which among the following are the functions of RBI

All the above 

__________ is written or unwritten codes of guidelines and values that influence the decisions and actions within a company ? 

Business Ethics

Politically Exposed person is classified as ________

High Risk 

One should not entertain customers based on ________

Caste, Religion or economic status in society 

Explanation of HRM Ethics 

Data Protection Bill is based on which committee ? 

Justice Srikrishna 

Major causes of unethical behaviour in workplace ? 

All of the above. 



There were three case studies, each with five questions from each case. The same is based on decision making at the given case. Derive best answer based on logic ,keeping the ethics at centre point. Overall 78-80 questions were there. Time was sufficient, but spend good time to understand case studies. All the best & Happy learning !!!


Ravikumar P

Sunday, 29 November 2020

JAIIB-PPB-RECOLLECTED QUESTIONS FROM 05.05.2019

 JAIIB-PPB-RECOLLECTED QUESTIONS FROM 05.05.2019

1. Age limit of pmjdy account holder for od limit

2. In case of natural death in which insurance category it comes like plant or jjby

3. In how much time atm holder claims for insurance

4. OD limit for pmjdy account holders

5. which is not part of social media? pinterest/instagram/facebook/wikipedia

6. PMJJBY

7. PMSBY

8. Consolidation of firms

9. MCLR

10. Garnishee order

11. Bankers cheque validity from date of issue

12. A and b are having locker operation with e or s.. c is appointed as nominee... now A is expired...who can operate the locker

13. Topology network means?

14. NET is used for?

15. SWIFT operation means

16. 8 questions from ethics, mainly business ethics

17. Conditional mortgage

18. Clayton rule

19. Questions from lien, set off, hypothecation, pledge

20. Who's the weaker section in priority sector lending?

21. Not maintaining SLR how much penalty?

22. SHG max age

23. Factoring Forfeiting

24. Cersai within how many days to be registered

25. Which of the following functions are carried by IRDA in India? (i) Regulator of insurance companies, (ii) Regulator of insurance products, (iii) Supervision of the general insurance market

a. Only (i) and (ii)

b. Only (i) and (iii)

c. Only (ii) and (iii)

d. (i) (ii) and (iii)

CCP exam today :29-11-2020 (mrng shift)

 CCP exam recollectedtoday :29-11-2020 (mrng shift)


DSCR 5

BEP related simple que 5

IRR ARR 5

CP tricky que 5

Turnover Ratio 5

IBC (method ) 5

MPBF 1&2 method 5

MSME related 5

Factoring & Forfeiting 5

Co acceptance 5

ICR 1

Rating Agency 1

CERSAI registered under act 1

PMJDY 2

CRILC full form 1

DDA 1

LC TYPE 2

SMA 1

LLP 2

MCLR 1

PCFC 1

Wednesday, 25 November 2020

Treasury risk management

 TREASURY RISK MANAGMENT


1) Leverage means ability of a business concern:

a) To with stand pressures in the times of crisis

b) To meet its liabilities in time

c) To borrow or build up assets on the basis of given capital d) none of these

2) In case of banks, lev-erage is expressed by:

a) Return on Assets b) Net NPA ratio c) Capital adequacy ratio

d) Capital to outside liabilities e) None of these

3) Treasury deals are normally done over phone or over a dealing screen_ The deal

terms are-con-firmed in writing by

a) Front office b) back office c) middle office d) any of these

4) Delivery versus payment means one account is debited and another is credited:

a) on the same day b) by next day c) at the same time d) none of these

5) lh Treasury Operations, the term 'carry' means

a) Interest cost of funds locked in a trading position

b) Carrying forward the contract to next trading period

c) Carrying forward the settlement to next day d) none of these

6) "Marked to Market" means valuation of trading positions applying

a) Purchase price b) current market value

c) current market value or purchase price whichever is lower d) None of these

7) Mismatch refers to:

a) Difference in interest rates paid and received

b) Difference in sale and purchase price

c) Difference in duration of assets and liabilities d) all of these a) None of these

8) Which of the following is a reason for importance of Treasury risk management

a) Adverse market movements may result in instant losses

b) Treasury transactions are of high value needing relatively low capital

c) Large size of transactions done at the sole discretion of the Treasurer

d) Both (a) & (b) only e) All of these

9) High leverage means:

a) Very low capital requirement

b) Very high capital requirement

c) Very high profits compared to capital

d) Very high productivity e) None of these

10) Which of the following is/are not a conventional tool of management control on a

treasury function

a) Back office which checks all transactions of dealers

b) Exposure limits for counterparties avoiding concentration risk

c) Intra day and overnight ceiling on open positions and stop loss limits

d) Value at risk and duration techniques e) None of these

11) Which of the following is not a function of Back office of a treasury

a) Generating deals i.e. purchase and sale of foreign exchange, securities etc.

b) Settling the trade after verifying internal controls

c) Obtaining independent confirmation of deal from the counterparty

d) Verifying that rates / prices mentioned in the deal slip are conforming to the market

rates at the time of the deal e) None of these

12) Which of the following is responsible for ensuring compliance with various risk limits

imposed by the Management and RBI as well as accuracy and objectivity of the transaction?

a) front office b) back office c) middle office

d) both (a) & (b) only e) All of these

13) Middle office in a treasury is responsible for:

a) Validating deal wise information from accounting point of view

b) Overall risk management and MIS

c) Both (a) & (b) d) None of these

14) Default risk in Treasury means:

a) Failure of the borrowing bank in the call money market to repay the amount on due date to the lending bank

b) Possible failure of the counterparty to the transaction to deliver I settle their part of transaction


c) Both (a) & (b) d) None of these

15) The exposure limits for counterparties are fixed on the basis of counterparty's

a) net worth b) market reputation c) track record

d) size of treasury operations e) all of these

16) The Exposure limits for counterparties are:

a) Vary in relation to period of exposure

b) Remain same irrespective of period

c) Fixed only as per net worth irrespective of period d) none of these

17) In which of the following areas trading limits are not fixed by management?

a) limits on deal size b) limits on open position c) stop loss limits

d) all of these e) None of these

18) Open Position refers to:

a) Trading positions where the buy / sell positions are not matched

b) Trading positions where the securities are bought in the open market

c) Open market operations d) none of these

19) Limit on open positions are fixed because

a) There may be loss if there is adverse movement in rates

b) There is 'carry' cost

c) Both (a) & (b) d) None of these

20) Which of the following is incorrect regarding open position in forex?

a) Position limits are prescribed currency wise as also for aggregate position in Rupees

b) There are separate limits for 'day light' and 'over night' c) None of these



TREASURY RISK MANAGEMENT

1 C 2 C 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 C 8 E 9 A 10 D

11 A 12 D 13 B 14 C 15 E 16 A 17 E 18 A 19 C 20 C

Tuesday, 24 November 2020

Credit Rating Agencies in India

 Credit Rating Agencies in India


A credit rating agency is a company which rates the debtors on the basis of their ability to pay back the debt in timely manner.


There are three big credit rating agencievvs in the world which are


 1.Standard &amp; Poor's (S&amp;P) – Headquarter – New York, US


 2.Moody's – Headquarter - New York, US,


 3.Fitch Ratings- New York, US


There are mainly 5 credit rating agencies in India which are


CARE (Credit Analysis and Research):Founded: 1993,Mumbai It is the second-largest credit rating agency in india


CRISIL (Credit Rating Information Servicesof India Limited):Founded: 1987,mumbai. It is the largest credit rating limited company.with a market share of


greater than 60%.


*CRISIL’s majority


shareholder is


Standard &amp; Poor’s.


ICRA ( Investment information andcredit rating agency)Founded: 1991 at Gurgaon


It is public limited company .Majority share holder is Moodys


SMERA( SME Rating Agency of India Ltd):Founded: 2005 ,mumbai


*SMERA is a full service credit rating sector


 agency in India, exclusively set up MSME


ONICRA Gurgaon. It is a Pvt sector agency set up by onida finance



Risk Management and credit rating::

 Risk Management and credit rating::


The risk that the banking business faces, can be:

· Credit risk

· Market risk (resulting from adverse movement of prices of govt. securities, interest rates, forex etc.)

· Operational risk (resulting from staff errors, failure of internal processes, external events etc.)

Credit Risk : It refers to the possibility of loss that the bank or financial institution may suffer as a consequence of inability of

the counterparty (i.e. the borrower, who is operating in an environment having many uncertainties resulting in threat to the

viability and sustainability of the activity) to meet its repayment or other commitment/s as per agreed conditions and commit

default.

Reserve Bank of India states that the credit risk or default risk involves inability or unwillingness of a customer or counterparty to

meet commitment in relation to lending, trading, hedging, settlement and other financial transactions.

In terms of the guidelines issued by RBI, the credit risk is generally made up of (I) transaction risk or default risk and (2) portfolio

risk. The portfolio risk in turn comprises intrinsic and concentration risk.

· The transaction risk is the risk arising from an individual transaction or a counterparty or b orrower's default in meeting the

commitment.

· The intrinsic risk is the risk which is inherent in respect of an activity due to the operating environment. This is also termed as

industry or activity risk.

· The concentration risk refers to the risk which arises as a result of undertaking exposure in only few industries or activities or

lines of business or borrowers and borrowing groups without ensuring the diversification of the portfolio.

Why does credit risk arise ?

The credit risk arises due to operation of a number of external and internal factors.

The external factors are the state of the economy of the concerned country or state or even global economy, wide swings in the

prices of various commodities, foreign exchange rates, interest rates, trade restrictions, economic sanctions, Govt. policies, natural

calamities etc.

The internal factors are the factors which may be internal to the borrower or internal to the financing institution.

· The factors internal to the borrowing entity may be planning factors, execution factors, finance factors, marketing factors,

management factors etc.

· The factors internal to the financing banks or institutions relate to the deficiencies in loan policies/administration,

absence of prudential credit concentration limits, inadequately defined lending limits for loan officers/credit committee,

deficiencies in appraisal of borrowers' financial position, excessive dependence on collaterals and inadequate risk pricing,

absence of loan review mechanism and post sanction surveillance etc.

Steps for credit risk mitigation:

The objective of mitigation is the restrict the risk within an acceptable limit and it involves steps to be taken at (a) macro level in

the bank and (b) micro level in the bank.

At Macro Level:

i. Frequent review of norms and fixing internal limits for aggregate commitments to specific sectors of industry and business.

2. periodical review of loan policies.

3. classification of portfolio based on certain parameters of quality

At Micro Level:

i. framing of policy regarding credit appraisal standards, sanction and delivery process, monitoring and review of individual

borrowers, obtaining collaterals.

2. obtaining credit rating and their updation.

Credit rating

The credit risk differs for each project and each promoter. The appraisal of proposal done with a view to measure the risk involved

and its quantification by using a credit rating method, with following objectives:

i. to take a decision whether to accept or reject a proposal without or without modification

2. to determine the rate of interest (risk pricing)

3. to help in. macro evaluation of the total credit portfolio by classifying the individual loan account in a specific category,

depending up on the rating.

Rating Models:

The rating can be done by using internal rating model available with the bank. Most of the banks have their rating models.

The rating can also be got done by using service of external rating agencies such as CRISIL, SMERA, CARE, ICRA etc.


Credit rating methodology:


Banks the credit rating model, based on which they are able to place their borrower in a particular rating category. The broader

categories of risk area that the rating models take into account are:

1. Management related aspects

2. Security related aspects

3. Financial aspects on the basis of financial statements

4. Business risk

These ratings are required to be reviewed periodically, in view of dynamic nature of the business of the borrower.

Derivative instruments for Credit Risk Management

The derivative instruments are used to hedge the inherent credit risk without transferring the loan account. Simple techniques for

transferring credit risk are available with the banks for very long time which include guarantors, collateral securities, credit

insurance from agencies like DICGC, CGTMSE. In recent some new instruments have also been introduced that include (a) Credit

default swaps and (b) credit linked notes.

Credit default swaps (CDS) : It is a contract between the financing bank (risk seller) and protection seller, whereby the protection

seller provides protection against credit events (i.e. default). For this purpose, the risk seller makes payment of premium to the

protection seller. The credit events include bankruptcy, failure to pay, restructuring etc.

Credit linked notes (CLN): In this arrangement, the protection seller (normally a special purpose vehicle — SPV) issues notes linked

to underlying credit. These notes can be purchased by general public as investors and the SPV purchases high rated securities with

that amount. On maturity, these securities are sold and money is returned to investors, if there is no credit default. In case of

credit default, the funds are used to make payment to risk seller.

The risk seller makes regular payment of premium.

New Capital Accord (Basel 2) : Implications on Credit Risk

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision has proposed 3 approaches, viz.,

1. Standardised and

2. Foundation Internal Rating Based Approach

3. Advanced Internal Rating Based Approach

In India, presently the Standardized approach has been implemented.

Under the standardised approach, preferential risk weights in the range of o%, 20%, 50%, 100% and 150% are assigned by RBI for

certain risk weighted assets and some discretion has been given to bank where they can allot risk weight on the basis of external

credit assessments.

Internal Rating Based Approach

There are two approaches — foundation and advanced - as an alternative to standardised approach for assigning preferential risk

weights. Under the foundation approach, banks, which comply with certain minimum requirements viz. comprehensive credit

rating system. The adoption of these approaches requires substantial upgradation of the existing credit risk management systems.

The time schedule fixed by RBI for migrating to Internal Rating Based approach is as under: The earliest date of making application by

banks to RBI — April 01, 2012 Likely date of approval by RBI — March 31, 2014.

The banks have been advised by RBI to undertake an internal assessment of their preparedness for migration to advanced approaches,

in the light of the criteria envisaged in the Basel II document, as per the aforesaid time schedule, and take a decision, with the approval

of their Boards, whether they would like to migrate to any of the advanced approaches. The banks deciding to migrate to the advanced

approaches should approach us for necessary approvals, in due course, as per the stipulated time schedule. If the result of a bank's

internal assessment indicates that it is not in a position to apply for implementation of advanced approach by the above mentioned

dates, it may choose a later date suitable to it based upon its preparation.

It may be noted that banks, at their discretion, would have the option of adopting the advanced approaches for one or more of the

risk categories, as per their preparedness, while continuing with the simpler approaches for other risk categories, and it would not

be necessary to adopt the advanced approaches for all the risk categories simultaneously. However, banks should invariably obtain

prior approval of the RBI for adopting any of the advanced approaches