Personality Theories

Personality Theories


There are certain common patterns and variable that determine the personality of the people. Experts have
developed certain personality theories.

Psychoanalytical
Theory
Based on Freudian concept of unconscious nature of personality. Human behaviour
and motivation is outcome of psychoanalytic elements i.e. id, the ego and the super
ego.
Id is the foundation of unconscious.
Ego is conscious in nature and relates the conscious urges to the outside world.
Id demands immediate pleasure and Ego controls it. Super ego supports the Ego.
Trait Theory
There are many traits common to all but there are few traits that are unique to few.
On the basis of traits, people are described as aggressive, loyal, pleasant, flexible,
humorous, sentimental, impulsive etc.
Self-concept theoryPersonality and behaviour is determined by the individual himself. We have our own
image and our actions are consistent with such image (Carl Rogers). An employee
with a self concept of high intelligence, independence and confidence may not look
for such reinforcement techniques as monetary rewards.
Social learning
theory
Personality development is more a result of social variables than biological factors.
Much of human behaviour is learnt or modified by learning. Personality is the sum
total of all that a person has learned.