Sunday, 27 December 2020

PMAY - Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

 PMAY - Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana

..................................................................


Who can avail Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme?

A beneficiary family


• Provided that he / she does not own a pucca house (an all-weather dwelling unit) in his / her name in any part of India

• Provided also that in the case of a married couple, either of the spouses or both together in joint ownership will be eligible for a single house, subject to income eligibility of the household under the Scheme


What constitutes Household/Beneficiary family?

• A beneficiary family will comprise husband, wife, unmarried sons and/or unmarried daughters

• An adult earning member (irrespective of marital status) can be treated as a separate household


What are the income norms for various categories?

The income norms for various Household categories are defined as under:

• EWS households/individuals with an annual income up to Rs. 3.00 lakh

• LIG households/individuals with an annual income more than Rs. 3.00 lakh and up to Rs. 6.00 lak

• MIG I households/individuals with an annual income more than Rs.6.00 lakh and up to Rs.12.00 lakh

• MIG II households/individuals with an annual income more than Rs12.00 lakh to INR 18.00 lakh


What are the documents required to apply for the PMAY subsidy scheme?

Following documents needs to be submitted to avail PMAY subsidy scheme:

• Declaration Form (Stamp duty to be the same as Affidavit, as per State Laws)

• Permanent Account Number (PAN). If PAN is not assigned, Form 60 is required.

• Aadhaar Number all the applicants in the Beneficiary family (For MIG I & MIG II category)

• Income proof of the applicant [Applicable Income Proof documents - ITR or Form 16 (1 year)/ Salary Slip (Gross Monthly Salary*12)].

• PMAY Addendum (Stamp duty to be the same as Top-up addendum, as per State Laws)

• End-Use Undertaking Certificate


How will I receive the interest subsidy benefit under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana?

Once the loan amount is disbursed subject to eligibility, BHFL will claim the subsidy benefit the subsidy for eligible borrowers from NHB (National Housing Bank).

For all eligible borrowers, the subsidy amount would be paid to BHFL. Once BHFL receives the interest subsidy, it will be credited upfront to the loan account and EMI will be readjusted.


Is there any limit to the loan amount or the property value?

There is no limit to the loan amount, however interest subsidy will be calculated on a maximum of Rs. 6 lacs for EWS/LIG, Rs. 9 lacs for MIG I and Rs. 12 lacs for MIG II.


Also, there is no limit to the property value but there is a limit to the carpet area for each of the category.

The carpet area of houses being constructed or enhanced under this component of the mission should be up to 30 square metres and 60 square metres for EWS and LIG, respectively in order to avail of this credit linked subsidy. The beneficiary, at his/her discretion, can build a house of larger area but interest subvention would be limited to first Rs. 6 lakh only.

The maximum carpet area of the dwelling unit is 120 sq.m./1291.67 sq. feet for MIG I category and 150 sq.m./1614.59 sq. feet for MIG II category.


What is the interest subsidy applicable for each of the category?

The applicable interest subsidy on the eligible loan amount for each of the category is given below:

a.) EWS/LIG: 6.5%

b.) MIG I: 4%

c.) MIG II: 3%


My spouse already owns a Pucca House and now I want to buy one new property on my wife’s name. Can I qualify for the CLSS scheme under PMAY?

No, household cannot take the benefit under CLSS as spouse in beneficiary family/household already owns one property.


What is the maximum tenure on which the PMAY subsidy is applicable?

The PMAY subsidy is applicable for a maximum considered tenure of 20 years. BHFL can offer tenor as per existing policy however, subsidy will be calculated, lower of

a) 20 years

b) Offered tenor by BHFL


Are there any additional eligibility norms apart from income, first pucca house and carpet area norms?The property should have basic civic infrastructure like water, toilet, sanitation, sewerage, road, electricity etc.

Is it required to provide the Aadhaar card details for all the members of the beneficiary family?

Yes. To process the case under PMAY scheme for MIG I & MIG II categories, it is mandatorily required to provide the Aadhaar card details of all the applicants in the beneficiary familyWhat is the processing fee to avail the scheme?BHFL will not take any processing charge from the beneficiary for eligible housing loan amount as per income criteria under the Scheme. For additional loan amounts beyond the eligible loan amounts for interest subsidy, processing fees will be charged by BHFL.Whether repairing work to the existing house is covered for benefit under the Scheme?Repairing work to the existing house can be undertaken in houses which are kutcha, semi pucca and require extensive renovation to make it into a pucca house. However, this is applicable only for applicants in the EWS and LIG categories.What is the TAT(Turn Around Time) for Foreclosure Statement?The TAT for issuance foreclosure statement is typically 12 working days.


What are exceptions in female ownership in property in EWS/LIG Scheme?

Adult female membership is required in property structure. In case of absence of an adult female member in a household, the property can be registered in the name of a male member only.


What is definition of household/beneficiary family for EWS/LIG and MIG?

For EWS/LIG - Husband, Wife and unmarried children constitute household/Beneficiary Family

For MIG - Husband, wife and unmarried children

An adult earning member (irrespective of its marital status be considered as separate household)


What is documentation requirement?

Following documents need to be submitted to the branch officer as per IIHFL Credit Policy. The list of documents is mentioned below:

Aadhaar of all household members

Notarized Affidavit cum Undertaking is mandatory

If applicant’s household already own one plot or kuccha house, can he apply for a subsidy?

As the household does not own a Pucca house, he can apply for subsidy under the scheme subject to additional qualifiers such as annual household income, property in urban/adjacent area etc.


How subsidy amount will be set off i.e. whether loan amount would be reduced or tenure?

Subsidy amount shall not be adjusted against tenure. The impact of subsidy would be adjusted against principal only, further impacting EMI amount.


Is there any capping on property value or area for EWS/LIG and MIG?

EWS/LIG - No, there is no capping on minimum/maximum property value or area as per the scheme guidelines issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation

160 mtrs & 200 mtrs in MIG I & II

Applicant’s wife already owns a pucca house before marriage and now applicant wants to buy one new property on her wife’s name; can he qualify for a CLSS scheme?

No, household cannot take the benefit under CLSS as spouse in beneficiary family/household already owns one property.


A household owner owns a plot, however, does not have a house. Is he eligible for a subsidy?

Scheme mentions that “The beneficiary family should not own a pucca house either in his/her name or in the name of any member of his/her family in any part of India to be eligible to receive central assistance under the mission”

Therefore, beneficiary family already owning shop, commercial establishment, plot, factory but not owning a pucca house clears the eligibility parameter of 1st house ownership.


What are the income norms for various categories?

The income norms for various Household categories are defined as under:

Annual Household Income of EWS/LIG should be less than Rs. 6 Lakhs

Annual Household Income of MIG 1 should be Rs. 6-12 Lakhs

Annual Household Income of MIG 2 should be Rs. 12-18 Lakhs

How will I receive the interest subsidy benefit under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana?

Post disbursement of the loan amount, IIFL Home Loans may claim the subsidy benefit for eligible borrowers from National Housing Bank(CNA). .On receipt of Subsidy amount from CNA, the Principal Outstanding in Home Loan Account of the Customer is reduced to the tune of Subsidy amount. Accordingly, EMI of the Customer is reduced


How a Customer can get maximum Subsidy benefit?

A Customer is eligible for maximum subsidy if the disbursed amount is equal to or more than Rs. 6 lakhs in EWS/LIG category, 9 lakhs in MIG 1 category, 12 lakhs in MIG 2 category and loan tenure is of 20 years. In case Loan disbursement or tenure is below the above-mentioned limits, subsidy would be reduced proportionately. Kindly refer to the subsidy calculator.


What is the Subsidy amount in various categories of CLSS- PMAY

EWS/LIG - upto 2.67 Lakhs

MIG 1 - upto 2.35 Lakhs

MIG 2 - upto 2.30 Lakhs


Whether repairing work to the existing house is covered for benefit under the Scheme?

Repairing work to the existing house can be undertaken in houses which are kutcha, semi pucca and require extensive renovation to make it into a pucca house. However, this is applicable only for applicants in the EWS/ LIG categories.

Credit Card - Case Study ------------------------

 Credit Card - Case Study

------------------------


Mr X has been enjoying a credit card from ABC Bank. The bank has fixed a spending limit of Rs. 200000 lac on his card. During July 2016, he made purchase of Rs. 150000 and paid on due date (10 Aug 2016) Rs. 120000 being a part of the outstanding amount of Rs. 150000. On 11 Aug 2016, he made additional purchase of Rs. 70000. Rate of interest charged by bank is 2 % per month.


Answer the following questions


01. What would be the minimum payment requirement on credit card dues during any month?


a. 3% of due

b. 5% of due

c. 8% of due

d. 10% of due


Ans - b


Minimum payment require 5% 

...............................................


02. As the bank charges interest at 2% per month, what would be the annual effective rate to the user?


a. 24.52%

b. 26.82%

c. 27.92%

d. 28.64%


Ans - b


Solution


Effective interest rate=(1+r)^n-1

= (1+0.02)^12-1

= 1.26824-1

= 0.26824

= 26.82%

...............................................


03. Daily interest charged on outstanding balance as on 11 Aug 2016 will be ......


a. Rs.60.50

b. Rs.65.75

c. Rs.70.10

d. Rs.75.25


Ans - b


Solution


Daily interest charged=Due outstanding*12/365*r

=(30000+70000)*12/365*0.02

=100000*12*.02/365

=24000/365

=65.75

...............................................


04. Total interest Charged on 10 Sep 2016 will be ......


a. Rs.1865

b. Rs.1908

c. Rs.1973

d. Rs.2036


Ans - c


Solution


Total interest charged= no of days outstanding * Daily interest

From 11 Jul 2016 to 10 Aug 2016 = 30 days

=30*65.75

=1973.05

...............................................


05. If Mr A wants to clear all his dues on the due date on 10 Sept 2016, what amount would be required to pay ......


a. Rs.30000

b. Rs.70000

c. Rs.100000

d. Rs.101913


Ans - d


Solution


outstanding amount+additional purchase+interest

= 30000+70000+1973

= 101973

...............................................

Caiib retail Re-collected on 27.12.2020

 Question today retail

(1) 2 questions from pmvvy

(2) limit of upi transaction

(3) mmid digits

(4) around four questions from tax planning

(5) mortgage comes under which act

(6)bsbd account opened for 

(7) questions from customer requirements chapter from responsiveness, empathy and assurance.

(8) two questions from implementation models case given and asks about it comes under which model.

(9) question from brown level atm and white level atm

(10) one question from rule of 72 method.


Retail Banking - Re-collected questions posted by our members

-------------------------------------------------------------


Mortgage by deposit of title deeds which act? Ans - Transfer of Property Act

Which right - Sec 67 of Transfer of property act? Ans - Right to fore-closure or sale

RTGS timings - 7.00 am to 6.00 pm (Now 24x7x365)

PMAY Case Study

Maslow Theory Case Study

Depreciation Problem

PMVVY (PM vaya vandana yojana) Scheme

BSBDA Account

Bank into insurance business criteria

Difference between Retail and Corporate Banking

Prepaid instruments

Credit card due case study

Income tax on HRA

Saturday, 26 December 2020

CAIIB BFM Re-collected questions ON 26.12.2020

 CAIIB BFM  Re-collected questions ON 26.12.2020

--------------------------------------------


1.Question on provisioning for standard assets

2.Question on risk rating AAA AA BB CC..FOR 5marks

3.Case study on Letter of credit 5marks

4.Lot of questions related to ALM

5.Tier I and Tier-I capital questions

6.Yield problems

7. Leverage Ratio

8.With rating and maturity bucket case studies

9. EEFC A/C

10.Concept of Confirming Bank, negotiating bank, packing credit, cannecellation of LC, Red and Green

11.NRI holder can settle their credit card amount in which type of account . FCNR or NRE or NRO or EEFC- ans FCNR/NRE/NRO

12.If banks do not meet crr limit based on what rate penal interest is charged ..if requirement doesn't meet on one day and what if it doesn't meet on succeeding days also..

Thursday, 24 December 2020

Loans and Advances::(Useful for Certified credit officers( professionals) , Caiib also)) very important for bankers

 Loans and Advances::(Useful for Certified credit officers( professionals) , Caiib also)) very important for bankers


1. ˜Credit Rating Agencies in India are regulated by: RBI

2. ˜CRISIL stands for: Credit Rating Information Services of India Ltd.

3. ˜Deferred Payment Guarantee is : Guarantee issued

when payment by applicant of guarantee is to be made in installments over a period of time.

4. ˜If Break Even Point is high, it can be construed that the margin of safety is ____: Low.

5. ˜Long Term uses – 12; total Assets – 30; Long Term source 16; What is net working capital : 4

6. ˜On which one of the following assets, depreciation is applied on Straight line method: Computers.

7. ˜Projected Turnover is Rs.400 lacs, margin by promoter is Rs. 20 lacs. What is maximum bank

finance as per Annual Projected Turnover method: 80 lakhs.

8. ˜Rohit was a loanee of the branch and news has come that he has expired. On enquiry, it was

observed that he left some assets. Upto what extent the legal heirs are liable to the Bank? Legal heirs are

liable for the liabilities upto the assets inherited by them.

9. ˜The appraisal of Deferred Payment Guarantee is same as that of a) Demand Loan b) OD c) Term

Loan d) CC : Term Loan.

10. A cash credit account will be treated as NPA if the CC limit is not renewed within ___days from the

due date of renewal: 180 days.

11. A director of a bank wants to raise loan of Rs 10 lakh from his bank against Life Insurance Policy with

surrender value of more than Rs 15 lakh. What will be done?: Bank can sanction.

12. A firm is allowed a limit of Rs.1.40 lac at 30% margin. It wants to avail the limit fully. How much will

be the value of security : Rs.2 lac

13. A guarantee issued for a series of transactions is called: Continuing guarantee

14. A lady who has taken a demand loan against FD come to the branch and wants to add name of her

minor son, as joint a/c holder. What you will do?: Name can be added only after adjustment of the loan.

15. A letter of credit which is issued on request of the beneficiary in favour of his supplier: Back to Back

LC

16. A loan is given by the bank on hypothecation of stock to Mr. A. Bank receives seizure order from

State Govt. What should bank do?: Bank will first adjust its dues and surplus if any wilt be shared with

the Govt.

17. A loan was sanctioned against a vacant land. Subsequently a house was constructed at the site.

What security is available now to the bank? : Both

18. A minor was given loan. On attaining majority he acknowledges having taken loan and promises to

pay. Whether the loan can be recovered? : He can not ratify the contract. Hence recovery not possible.

19. A negotiating bank and issuing bank are allowed days each for scrutiny of documents drawn

under Letter of credit to ensure that documents are as per LC: 5 banking days each.

20. Age limit staff housing loan: 70 years;

21. An L/C is expiring on 10.05.2008. A commotion takes place in the area and bank could not open.

Under these circumstances can the LC be negotiated?: The L/C can not be negotiated because expiry date

of LC can not be extended if banks are closed for reasons beyond their control.

22. As per internal policy of certain banks, the net worth of a firm does not include: a. Paid up capital b.

Free Reserve c. Share Premium d. Equity received from Foreign Investor : Revaluation Reserves

23. Authorised capital is Rs.10 lac. Paid up capital Rs.6 lac. The loss of previous year is Rs.1 lac. Loss in

current year is Rs3 _ lac. The tangible net worth is : Rs.2 lac

24. Authorised capital= 10 lac, paid-up capital = 60%, loss during current year = 50000, loss last year =

2 lacs, what is the tangible net worth of the company? : 3.5 lac

25. Bailment of goods by a person to another person, to secure a loan is called : Pledge

26. Balance outstanding in a CC limit is Rs.9 lakh. Value of stock is Rs.5 lakhs. It is in doubtfUl for more

than two years as on 31 March 2012. What is the amount of provision to be made on 31-03-2013?: Rs.9

lakhs (100% of liability as account is doubtful for more than 3 years)

27. Balance Sheet of a firm indicates which of the following – Balance Sheet indicates what a firm

owes and what a firm owns as on a particular date.

28. Bank limit for working capital based on turn over method: 20% of the projected sales turnover

accepted by Banks

29. Banks are required to declare their financial results quarterly as per provisions of : SEBI

30. Banks are required to maintain -a margin of ___ for issuing Guarantee favouring stock exchange on

behalf of share Brokers.

31. Banks are required to obtain audited financial papers from non corporate borrowers for granting

working capital limit of: Rs.25 lakh &above

32. Banks provide term loans and deferred payment guarantee to finance capital assets like plant and

machinery. What is the difference between these two: Outlay of funds.

33. Benchmark Current Ratio under turn over method is: 1.25

34. Break Even Point: No profit no loss. ( TR-TC=Zero)

35. Calculate Debt Equity ratio – Debenture – Rs 200, capital 50; reserves – 80; P& L account credit

balance – Rs 20: 4: 3 ( 200 divided by 150).

36. Calculate Net working capital– Total assets 1000; Long Term liabilities 400; Fixed assets, Intangible

assets and Non current assets (i.e. long term uses) Rs 350; What is net working capital : 400- 350= Rs

50

37. Calculate Tangible Net Worth: Land and building: 200 Lacs; Capital:80000 intangible asset:15000:

65,000

38. CALCULATION OF INTEREST IN LOAN ACCOUNT: MONTHLY

39. CARE stands for : Credit Analysis & Research Ltd

40. Cash Budget method is used for sanctioning working capital limits to : Seasonal Industries

41. CC limit Rs 4 lacs. Stock 6 lacs. Margin 25% . What is drawing power? : NOTIONAL - 4.5 lacs, BUT

ACTUAL Rs. 4 LAC.

42. Central Registry of Securitization Asset Reconstruction and Security Interest of India (CERSAI) is a

government company licensed under Section 25 of the Companies Act, has been incorporated to operate

and maintain the Central Registry under the provisions of _____: SARFAESI Act 2002.

43. CIBIL is the agency that provides information to the member banks on (i) Credit Rating (ii)

Information on credit History: Information on Credit History of borrowers

44. Contribution means : profit + fixed cost

45. Current Assets 600, Long Term sources - 600, Total Assests1000, what is NWC and Current Ratio: CR

1.5 : 1; NWC = 200 .

46. Current Liabilities are those liabilities which are to be paid: within one Year

47. Current Ratio = 2:1, Net working Capital=60000, What is the Current Liability of the firm? : 60000

48. Current ratio indicates: Liquidity of the firm (ability of a firm to pay current liabilities in time)

49. Current Ratio is 1.33:1, Current Assets is 100, what will be the amount of Current Liability: 75 lakhs

Compiled by Sanjay Kumar Trivedy, Divisional Manager, Canara Bank, Govt. Link Cell, Nagpur 138 | P a g e

50. Debt Equity Ratio indicates: Long term solvency or capital structure of the firm.

51. Debt Securitization refers to: Conversion of receivables into debt instruments.

52. Debt Service coverage ratio is used for: Sanction of Term Loans

53. Deferred Payment guarantee is: Financial Guarantee

54. Deferred payment guarantee issued by a bank is a : Contingent Liability.

55. Difference between Long Term Source and Long Term Use is called: Net Working capital.

56. DSCR indicates: Ability of firm to repay term loan instalments

57. DSCR is for evaluating: Term Loan repayment-surplus generating capacity.

58. Duty of confirming bank: Only to verify the genuineness of L/C.

59. Equitable Mortgage is created by deposit of title deeds with bank at – (a) any where in India; (b)

state capital; (c) only at Mumbai, Chennai or Kolkatta; (d) Any place notified by state government for this

purpose: Correct answer is (d).

60. Excess of current liability over current assets means the firm may face difficulties in meeting its

financial obligations in short term.

61. Expand CRILC: Central Repository of Information on large credits.

62. Expand IRR : Internal Rate of Return

63. Finance for construction of road and port is classified as: Infrastructure Finance.

64. For ascertaining that a firm will be able to generate sufficient profit to repay instalments of term

loan, which ratio is computed?: Debt Service Coverage Ratio

65. For assessing Fund Based Working Capital limit for MSME upto _______Turnover method is followed

under Nayak committee: Rs.5 crore.

66. For classification of assets in consortium accounts, which of the following is to be considered?: In

consortium accounts, each bank will classify the account as per its record of recovery.

67. For Takeover of accounts from other Banks, the account copies of all the borrower accounts with the

present bankers / financial institution shall be obtained at least for the last ______: 12 months.

68. Formation of consortium, when essential : When bank touches its exposure ceiling

69. Full form of DSCR: Debt Service coverage ratio;

70. Gold is pledged with bank as security for a Bank Guarantee by a borrower. Bank Guarantee stands

expired. Whether a temporary overdraft availed by the borrower which is overdue can be got adjusted by

selling the Gold held as security for issue of guarantee: Yes, because Bankers lien is a general lien and is

an implied pledge. Further, the Gold was deposited in the ordinary course of business.

71. Green field project is related to : setting up new projects

72. Guarantee issued by a bank in favour of Custom department that party will fulfill export obligation for

availing exemption from custom duty regarding tax. Such guarantee is called: Financial Guarantee

73. Guarantee issued by a bank which is still outstanding is shown in the Balance Sheet as: Contingent

Liability.

74. Guarantors Liability: Recall the a/c and cause demand against the borrower and guarantor. Balance

in guarantor's SB a/c cannot be appropriated directly.

75. Holiday period given for repayment of installements in a loan is termed as: Moratorium period

76. How DSCR is calculated?: (Profitafter tax + Depreciation + Interest on Term Loan) divided by (Annual

instalment of term loan+ interest on term loan)

77. How much additional risk weight has been provided on restructured loans?: 25%

78. Hypothecation can be converted to pledge by: taking possession with the consent of the borrower.

79. Hypothecation described under SARFEASI Act.

80. If a businessman start a business with a Capital investment of Rs.3,00,000/- and withdraw

Rs.25,000/- later. If Net Profit is Rs.1,20,000/- and income tax paid thereon is Rs.30,000/-, what is the

position of capital account (net worth) at the end of the year – 395000; 365000; 360000; nil:

Rs.3,65,000/-

81. If a LC contains a clause "about" regarding the amount and quantity of goods, how much tolerance is

permitted?: 10%

82. If current ratio is 2:1, net working capital is Rs 20,000, current asset will be: Rs 40,000

83. If debtors are Rs 4 lac, annual sale is 60 lac, what is the Debt collection period: 0.8 months

84. If Debtors velocity ratio increases, it means debt collection period has increased or sales have

decreased.

85. If documents are to be presented in about July month: these can be presented within 5 days before

or 5 days after.

86. If in a Guarantee issued is silent, what will be the limitation period: 3 yrs and in case of Govt

guarantee it is 30 years.

87. If in a LC words around is written with date then variation of is allowed in the period: +/- 5 calendar

days

88. If limit is 3 lacs, margin is 25% what should be stock to avail full limit?: Rs4 lac

89. If on a letter of credit it is not mentioned whether it is revocable or irrevocable, then as UCPDC 600, it

will be treated as : Irrevocable LC

90. If on a Letter of Credit, date is mentioned as "end of the month", then as per UCPDC 600, it will

mean: 21st to last day of the month.

91. If stock statement is not submitted for 3 months from its due date and DP is allowed on the basis of


old stock report, then the account will be considered NPA after:90 days

92. If the projected sale of a-small (manufacturing) enterprise is Rs 80 lakh, margin available with the

borrower is Rs 4 lakh, then as per turnover method, working capital limit will be: Rs 16 lakh.

93. If working capital limit to a borrower is Rs 10 crore and above, then as per RBI guidelines, the loan

component should be at least: as per bank's discretion.(earlier it used to be 80%).

94. In a company, the registration of charges is required for: a)loan against FD b)lien on Govt Securities

c) assignment of Book Debts d) lien on Shares : Book Debts

95. In A current account OD of Rs. 12000 is made. The FDR has become due later on if the right of

appropriation can be used. The borrower has objected that he never requested for overdraft, hence

payment can not be appropriated. The customer is right.

96. In a letter of credit, it is written that documents can be negotiated about 30th June. In this case, the

documents can be negotiated: Before or after 5 clays of 30th June.

97. In case of a loan under consortium, each bank can have Maximum working capital limit of Rs-No

rule in this regard. Rules of consortium to be framed by members of consortium.

98. In case of loan given by more than one bank under a consortium, how the asset classification is done

by various banks?: Each bank will classify the account based on its record of recovery.

99. In case of revaluation of fixed assets, what percentage of revaluation reserve will be added to Tier

II capital of the bank?: 45%

100. In Letter Of Credit jmporter is called: Opener of Letter of Credit

101. In project finance, Debt Equity Ratio requirement for other than Infrastructure finance is: 2:1

102. In respect of a project report, the feasibility which is given least importance by the preparers of the

report, but very important for a banker is : a) Commercial b) Technical c) economic d) financial Ans: C

103. In the Balance Sheet of a bank, Contingent Liabilities are shown as: footnote to the Balance Sheet.

104. In the case of advance to a limited company for purchase of vehicle, the charge is registered with

Regional Transport Authority in addition to registration of charge with. Registrar of Companies. Why this is

done?:So that borrower can not sell the vehicle without intimation to the bank

105. Interest rate on advances is related to – Bank rate; Base Rate; PLR: MCLR Rate

106. Limit sanctioned Rs 5 lac; Stock Rs 6 lac; Margin 25%; What will be Drawing power: Rs 4.5 lac

107. Loan Delivery System is not applicable to: a) Loan to Soft ware industry b) export credit: export

credit

108. Loan Delivery System suggested by Rashid Mani Committee is applicable on borrowers with working

capital limits of: Rs 10 crore and above

109. Loan is in the name of A&B. Both have signed documents. A signs the Balance Confirmation but B

does not. In this case limitation will extend against: both

110. Lorry Receipts issued by Transport Operators approved by IBA are preferred. The reason is the

Transport Operators will take care of: Carriers Risk.

111. Stand by LC is just like : Financial guarantee (A guarantee of payment issued by a bank on behalf of a

client that is used as "payment of last resort" should the client fail to fulfill a contractual commitment with

a third party. Standby letters of credit are created as a sign of good faith in business transactions, and are

proof of a buyer's credit quality and repayment abilities)

112. Standard Score under CIBIL: 300 to 900

113. Stock Audit is required in respect of loans of : Rs.1.00 crore & above

114. Subordinate Debt is shown as part of in the Balance Sheet of a bank: Other Liabilities and

Provisions

115. Tangible Net Worth (TNW) is calculated as: Total paid up capital + Reserves – Intangible Assets.

116. The appraisal of deferred payment guarantee is similar to term loan: The difference is outlay of funds.

117. THE APPRAISAL OF DEFERRED PAYMENT GUARANTEE IS SIMILAR TO: TERM LOAN

118. The Audited Balance sheet for the latest financial year is to be obtained within ______ to finalise

credit rating and re-fix interest accordingly: 6 months.

119. The Bank did not disclose all material facts regarding loan to the guarantor while obtaining

guarantee. Can guarantor escape liability?: Guarantor cannot escape from his liability as it is not

necessary to disclose all the materials facts with regards to the loan.

120. The Borrower has to bring funds as his contribution for loan from: Long term Sources

121. The charge on stocks is created by: Hypothecation ( also by pledge or lien)

122. The concept of Base Rate is not applicable in the case of: Loan against Bank’s own deposit

123. The limitations of financial statements are : only quantitative not qualitative.

124. The long term liability to tangible net worth ratio implies : Long term solvency of the firm .

125. The main distinction between Hypothecation and Pledge is on accountof : Possession

126. The Meaning of Debtor Velocity Ratio is: Cycle of Debt Collection Period

127. The procedure used for ascertaining Customers Credit worth is called: Credit Rating

128. Time Limit for registration of equitable mortgage with CERSAI: 30 days from date of deposit of

title deeds. (Normally 30days and then delay can be condoned up to 30days on payment of penalty).

129. To improve Current Ratio of 2:1, what has to be done? a) Recover cash from Receivables b) Cash

sales c) Decrease the Bills payables.

130. Total Indebtedness Ratio is represented by: Total outside liabilities divided by Tangible Net Worth

131. What is "pari passu" means: Sharing in the ratio of outstanding.

132. What is a Break even point-The level of sales at which a firm does not earn any profit and does not

incur any loss.

133. What is cash loss : net loss before depreciation (Net loss minus depreciation)

134. What is Deffered Payment Guarantee?: Guarantee issued when payment by applicant of

guarantee is to be made in instalments over a period of time.

135. What is Mortgage? Transfer of interest in specific immovable property to secure an existing

or future debt.

136. What is nature of Banker's Lien?: It is implied pledge because Banker can dispose-off the goods after

giving notice to the borrower.

137. What is Pari Passu charge?: In case of consortium advance sale proceeds of security will be

shared among banks in proportion to their outstanding.

138. What is Real Rate of Interest?: Prevailing interest rate minus inflation rate

139. What is the meaning of Group in Exposure Norms: Commonality of management & Effective Control

140. What is the relationship between bank and customers in case of overdraft?: Creditor and Debtor

141. What is the risk weight for Personal Loans? 125%

142. What is the risk weight for Unrated companies?: 100%

143. What is the type of liability for the bank on account of issue of Bank Guarantee?: Contingent Liability

144. What type of bank gaurentee bank gives when a customer purchases a machine on instalment basis?:

Deferred Payment guarantee.

145. What type of Guarantee is Deffered Payment Guarantee: Financial Guarantee

146. What type of liability is represented by Bank Guarantee?: Contingent Liability and shown as a

footnote in the Balance Sheet.

147. What will be the tangible net worth if total assets are Rs 35 crore; total outside liability Rs 30 crore;

intangible assets Rs 3 crore: Rs 2 crore

148. What will happen in case of negative working capital limit: Current Liabilities are more than

Current Assets

149. Which is not a Credit Rating Agency – CRISIL, CARE, SMERA, ICRA, CIBIL: CIBIL

150. Which is not found in operating expenses statement of P&L statement - Salaries, Rent, Power: Power

151. Which is not included in Contingent liability – Bank Guarantee; Letter of Credit; Forward Contract;

Bills Payable: Bills payable

152. Which of the following is a contingent liability – deposits, borrowings, capital, guarantee: Bank

Guarantee

153. Which of the following is a Credit Information company – CIBIL, FIMDA, AMFI, CRISIL: CRISIL

154. Which of the following is part of the Solvency Ratios: debt equity ratio.

155. Which of the following represent Debt Service Coverage Ratio: (Net Profit after tax + Depreciation

+ Interest on Term loan) divided by (Annual instalment of term loan + interest on term loan)

156. Which of the items will not be an asset in banks bal sheet: Advances/Fixed Asset / Deposits :

Deposits

157. Which one of following is credit information company?: Equifax

158. Which system replaced Benchmark Prime Lending rate in banks: Base Rate

159. While arriving Drawing Power for financing against book debts, only Book Debts _____and below are

to be taken in to consideration. (other than MSME advances): 90 days

160. While doing Project Appraisal, sensitivity analysis is useful for: Viability and sustainability of project.

161. While financing for TL, Bank should look for the ability of the firm to generate the income to service

the debt

162. While granting loans to a partnership, banks generally insist that the firm should be registered

whereas registration of a partnership firm is optional. What is the reason for the same?: An

unregistered firm can not sue its debtors for recovery of its dues whereas other can sue the

firm for recovery of their dues

163. While undertaking technical appraisal, the following is not considered: cost of production and sales (it

is used for economic viability).

164. Who is bound to file particulars of charge with the Registrar of Companies under MCA 21, when a

company creates charge of somebody on its movable or immovable property except by way of

pledge?: officials of the company.

165. Why banks do not grant loan to a minor?: A minor is not competent to contract Therefore, Ioan given

to a minor can not be recovered.

166. Why banks ensure that charge created on any asset of the company should be registered with ROC

within stipulated period?: If charge is not registered, bank will become unsecured creditor.

167. Why banks prefer financing of bills?: because the advance is self liquidating

168. Why fund flow statement is taken from the borrower?: To know sources from where funds have been

raised and how funds have been utilized and to know changes in net working capital position.

169. Why loan against Partly Paid Shares are not preferred by banks?: Because partly paid shares

represent contingent liability. In case company makes demand and the borrower does not pay the

amount then the bank will have to pay the amount otherwise share may be forfeited. Moreover it is

prohibited by RBI

170. Working capital requirement of a firm is required to be met through : Short term sources and surplus

Tuesday, 22 December 2020

New CAIIB ,JAIIB, &IIBF PDFs, recollected questions .

 New CAIIB,JAIIB & IIBF PDFs and recollected questions .

READ MACMILLIAN ULTIMATE BOOK FOR EXAMS

All the best .. Utilize it properly

IIBF:

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/2020/03/new-all-iibf-certifications-pdfs-in.html

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/2020/01/single-link-for-recollected-questions.html

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/search/label/Recollected%20Questions%20for%20%20all%20exams


Jaiib: PDFs

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/2020/11/jaiib-exam-pdfs.html

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/2020/05/single-link-for-jaiib-recollected.html

Caiib: PDFs

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/2020/11/caiib-pdfs-and-recollected.html

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/2019/05/caiib-single-link-for-all-recollected.html

NISM/NIBM:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1RGXJQDOGBA8U6CAyWJ7oqwaYoh3r1a2l?usp=sharing


1.Not allocating sufficient amount of Study time daily:

This is a very common mistake done by many CAIIB aspirants, Cramming the information before the night of the exam or before two days may helped you in JAIIB examination (Although it is a wrong way of preparation). But here in CAIIB examination it won’t help you to even score thirty marks. A thorough understanding of concepts are needed for almost all topics so having a daily study routine is must for all aspirants.

I know it is very tough to find time during our busy banking hours. If you don’t have time for continuous 2 hrs then split the study hours into three or four sessions of 30 to 40 minutes a day. Since syllabus of CAIIB subjects cover many topics; In depth understanding of each topic is also needed to answer questions that test our knowledge, analytical skills and problem solving skills. So daily allocating sufficient amount of study time is necessary.

2.Not having clear focus on optional paper:

Selecting the correct optional paper and having clear focus on it, is must for successful completion of CAIIB exam. Although the Retail banking and Financial Banking are easy papers to clear, You need choose your optional paper based on your knowledge, interested areas in banking and career development. Don’t follow others recommendation for optional paper blindly. You have to analyse and decide your optional paper.

Remember CAIIB is not only for increments; it also provides many useful theoretical knowledge in different areas of banking.

 

3.Not learning the basic concepts:

Every topic of a subject has basic and fundamental concepts to be learnt by heart. Learning them thoroughly makes us to understand the more complex concepts. Complex concepts are nothing but complex combination of simple and basic concepts. We should have studied the fun1damental concepts in JAIIB (who knows it now ;P ;)). If not revise it then and there when it is required.

To learn the fundamental concepts of economy, business maths, accountancy you can refer more books from your commerce background friends. Remember learning complex concepts won’t be useful if you don’t understand the fundamental concepts behind them.


4.Not understanding and giving importance to syllabus:

In any examination if we want to pass that exam we should thoroughly understand the syllabus first. Because understanding the syllabus will give us a clear picture of what we are going to learn. We also get some insights about the subject. It also helps us to have an idea whether we are familiar with that topic or not. This will help you to assess the complexity of the subject and how much time you need to spend with a topic.

Give importance to syllabus helps to choose the right books for our preparation. Because there are materials that doesn’t cover the full syllabus (only the main areas of the syllabus) are available free in many study groups and websites. Aspirants who doesn’t aware of syllabus simply read those material and attend the exam.


5.Not having a preparation strategy and study plan

This is a common mistake many aspirants do, thinking there is no necessary for planning your study. They even think it is a waste of time. Whatever excuses we give, having a preparation strategy and study plan is must for any type of exam. It will help us to be goal oriented and stay focused of our target. If you do your targeted studies every day, it will make you motivated. As your progress through your schedule you will feel relaxed and your stress level for exam is reduced.

Creating a schedule will hardly take one to two hours of your time. While creating a schedule of your own you will also analyse the syllabus. There are many benefits can be pointed for having a good study plan. Though the initial effort may look too much; But the benefits are fruitful and long-lasting.

6.Not taking effective notes while studying itself

Many aspirants not even consider taking notes is a part of study. While studying if you take notes you will give importance to details. Giving importance to details will make you to ask more questions and to find short answers for it. This enhances your understanding about the topic. It also makes you to break down the contents of your learning in an easy way. Therefore your memory increases and whenever you see the notes you can recollect the content.

Thus taking notes helps you for better and easy revision. I know it is time consuming but once you are familiarised, it will be easy for you to take notes. Because your eyes can spot the important detail easily; Your mind organise them with an analogy for easy remembrance.


7.Not solving and practising mathematical problems:

Unlike JAIIB, here calculations, formulas and case studies are very important. You definitely need to solve all the problems in your study materials and work books you got. Don’t simply study a formula using one example of a problem related to it. Change the parameters and create problem of your own then solve it. By doing so, you will learn about importance of each parameter of the formula.

Practice, Practice, Practice!!!!!. There is no replacement for practising when solving problems, case studies and balance sheet analysis. When solving problems related to Balance sheet also use the same method as described above. There by we can improve our problem solving skills and analytical skills


8.Not revising the topics regularly:

Many aspirants ignore the importance of revising, stating there is no time for revising. If you are not making study plan you will not even find time to complete the syllabus. So no excuses, use your notes to revise the topic at regular intervals. For example every Sunday spare 20 to 30 minutes for revising, in addition to your study time.

 “Revise little but often” is the key strategy. Repeated revision make you feel bored and gives a feeling “Ahh!!! I know it. Don’t need to study”. But it makes you to master a topic; If five questions are asked from a single topic for knowledge testing; You can answer all, with 100% accuracy.  

9.Not learning from the mistakes:

The biggest and costliest thing is learning from your mistake. If you have failed in an attempt, accept the failure and analyse where you lacked. When I say accept your failure that doesn’t mean to blame yourself. It means asking yourself questions related to find the cause of the failure. What is the main reason for non completion of the syllabus? In which topic i should improve my knowledge? etc,. How can I improve my reading ability further?

The answer to the questions should not be too general. It should be specific to spot your weakness. When you find your weakness please work on it. Nobody is perfect in the universe; So find your weakness and mistakes; Try to rectify it before your next attempt.


10.Not using the technology for proper and effective preparation of exam:

Because of the technology we can study anything from anywhere. So use your mobile, internet, websites, facebook communities,forums and blogs etc,.You can get any information from internet in just a single click or a single press of your finger. I am not saying you to depend on them but to use them as effectively as possible. So do your search whatever you feel useful subscribe to them.

Also many websites offering free mock test use them to test your knowledge. While giving mock test take it as serious as an exam. Then only you can know your time management under pressure and boosts your confidence.

CAIIB ABM Strategy


ABM is one of the compulsory subjects for CAIIB. Most of the people find difficult to clear this paper. Today, I will tell you how to study for ABM subject.


This subject also contains 4 modules


MODULE – A: Economic Analysis


MODULE – B : Business Mathematics


MODULE – C : HRM in banks


MODULE – D : Credit Management


As we are bank employees we get very less time for study, so how to decide which topics to be read, which topics to be skipped?


-As I had told you in my previous blog article that generally paper consists of 60% theoretical & 40% numerical or case studies, so choose the module to be study in deep so as to clear the paper easily depending upon your personal strength and weakness.


If you observed all the modules, you will realize that Module A and Module C are most scoring modules. Do not skip these modules. Module B contains Business Mathematics which many people find difficult to study as the level of mathematics is tough, especially for non-engineering background people. Those who works in Credit/Loan Department will find that Module D easy as well as interesting. Module D is most important not only exam point of view but also for your daily working in Credit Department. So do not skip Module D.


IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM EACH MODULE


Module A- Supply and Demand, Money Supply and Inflation, Business Cycles, GDP Concepts and Union Budget.


No need to read McMillan Book line by line for thise module, short notes will be quite useful for studying this module. Don’t read stats given in these chapters. In GDP Concepts and Union Budget chapters numerical are asked which are quite easy provided you know the components and formula.


Module B-Time Value of Money, Sampling Methods, Simulation, Bond Investment


Don’t go to deep for study this module as mathematical calculations are difficult to understand especially for non engineering background people. Practice the examples given in McMillan. Those who are not good at math can skip this module and focus more on remaining modules.

Module C-Development of Human Resources, Human Implications of Organisations, Performamce Management, HR 

You need to read thoroughly all the topics from this module from McMillan. It is quite easy and theoretical only. Repeatedly read MCQs from N.S. Toor book of this module.

Module D-Overview of Credit Management, Analysis of Financial Statement, Working Capital Finance, Credit Control and Monitoring, Rehabilitation and Recovery.

Read this module from McMillan book only. The chapters in this module are not lengthy as compared to other modules. Practice Numerical from Financial statement and balance sheet.

Overall, you have to study at least three modules in detail so as to achieve the 50 score. You can choose the modules to study more depending upon your strength. I would suggest that you can keep module B at last, just read formulas from this module, as this module is quite boring, lengthy and hard to understand

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/2020/08/caiib-abm-strategy.html?m=1



BFM::;;


The strategy for the study of Bank Financial Management which many people finds difficult to clear. If you study properly, it is easy to clear the BFM. This subject also contains 4 modules, they are;


-International Banking


-Risk Management


-Treasury Management


-Balance Sheet Management


Many people do not correlate the syllabus of the subject with day to day banking activity. So they find it difficult to score and understand this subject. But this not true, this subject is very much important which will increase your knowledge regarding top management & middle management functioning of your bank as well as banking as a whole industry.


All the modules are equally important, but you may clear the paper with three modules study also. Module A & B are relatively easy and scoring as well. Let us discuss strategy for each module.


Module A-International Banking


Important topics are Exchange Rates and Forex Business, Basics for Forex Derivatives, Documentary LC, and Facilities for Exporters & Importers


Rapid reading or bullet point reading is quite useful for this module. Practice numerical again and again.


Many numerical/case studies are asked from this module which are quite easy as compared to Module B & Module D case studies. Refer the case studies from McMillan given at the end of the topic. Also N.S.Toor book has many numerical and case studies. Questions are asked on Exchange rates, Shipment Finance etc.


Module B-Risk Management


All chapters are equally important as they are interlinked to each other. Again focus more on case studies/numericals given in Apendix at the end of chapter. Maximum case studies are asked from this module. Though short notes are useful for this module I would suggest McMillan reading for this module because some questions are twisted type for which you require details of the concept which is hard to get from short notes. RBI website contains FAQs which are quite useful for this modules, you should read them at least once.


Module C- Treasury Management


Important topics are Introduction, Types of treasury products, Treasury Risk Management, Treasury and Asset-Liability Management.


Mostly questions asked on this module are theoretical type, so through reading of McMillan is important. If you don’t get time then you can skip this module or read short notes since the weighted of this module for exam point of view is low according to me as compared to Module A&B. But those who wish to make carrier or work in treasury department, this is the best module to learn.


Module-D Balance Sheet Management


Important chapters are Components of ALM in Bank’s Balance Sheet, Capital and banking Regulation,, Capital Adequacy, Asset Classification and Provisioning Norms, Interest rate Risk management.


Though McMillan book contain sufficient material but I would suggest you to refer RBI website for this module. In this module focus more on Case Studies as compared to theoretical questions. Do not skip this module as it is much important for exam as well as knowledge point of view. No need to read McMillan line by line.


Overall you have to keep balance between theoretical reading as well as case studies/numerical since the paper would contain 40-45% case studies. N.S.Toor book contains good case studies and MCQs. Also there are many resources available on the internet from where you will get case studies for this module. After giving this paper you will realized that BFM is easier as compared to ABM and no need to worry for BFM.

STUDY STRATEGY & STUDY METHOD FOR JAIIB-CAIIB.


Dear All JAIIB-CAIIB Aspirants. Last time I've Discussed [Updated] about:

1. JAIIB-CAIIB STUDY STUDY STRATEGY & PLAN

2. 10 HABITS TO CLEAR CAIIB

3. A SHORT STORY BEHIND MY JAIIB-CAIIB SUCCESS

4. 5 HABITS TO CRACK JAIIB-CAIIB.

2Day Let Us discuss about Strategy for the JAIIB-CAIIB (Each Subject Wise & Every Topic Wise).


01. JAIIB (JUNIOR ASSOCIATE INDIAN INSTITUTE BANKERS)..

▪STUDY STRATEGY FOR JAIIB-PPB.

PPB (Principles & Practices of Banking) Subject is Very Easy & Daily Banking knowledge sufficient to crack the PPB Subject, If You need more knowledge Study properly McMillan Book..

This Subject Contains 4 Modules:

MOD-A: Indian Financial System

MOD-B: Functions of Banks

MOD-C: Banking Technology

MOD-D: Support Services-Market of Banking Services/Products.

- As WE are Bank Employees WE get very less time for study, so how to decide which topics to be Read & which topics to be Skipped?

IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM EACH MODULE:

1. MOD-A: INDIAN FINANCIAL SYSTEM.

• Banking Regulations

• Capital Markets/Regulators

• Risk Management & BASEL II-III

• Factoring & Forteiting.

This Module is has 11 Topics & this's theoritical Module.

You must read BASEL-2 an overview because this most Important in Our Banking life & as well as in Upcoming Exams. 2nd Paper of JAIIB (AFB) & In the Course of CAIIB 1 Subject there's full Module on this topic.

2. MOD-B: FUNCTIONS OF BANKS.

• Banker-Customer Relationship

• Ombudsman Functions

• Lending (Working Capital)

• MSME & SHG

• NPA Provising.

This Module has 17 Topics & Most Important, Most Useful topics in Our daily Banking routines/duties.

Some Examples are: Banker-Customer Relationship, Accounts Opening to Various types of Customers, SHGs, Credit Cards, Govt Sponsored Schemes, FI, NPA, Collaterals Types, Payment & Cheque Collections, NI Acts, etc.

So, It's the most important Module to get Good Marks in this Subject & also get Good Knowledge in Banking Industry to take care of yourself about what is Good to do & what not?.


3. MOD-C: BANKING TECHNOLOGY.

• Data Communication & Network

• Security Consideration

• Cyber Crimes.

This Module has 6 Topics & Most Easiest Module among 4 Modules.

This Module would be Cakewalk for B.Tech (Computer Science/IT), B.Sc (Computer) & BCA/MCA Students. But it doesn't mean that tough for Non-Computer Students. they'll also get Easy Marks in this Module. try to get full Marks from this Module as it has 5 topics, those are also easily Understandable topics.

4. MOD-D: SUPPORT SERVICES-BANKING SERVICES/PRODUCTS.

• Social Media Marketing

• Pricing & Distribution

• MIS & DIS/DMA

• CHIPS & CHAPS

• Agri Management.

This Module has 8 Topics & As the name suggests it's fully about Marketing. It doesn't mean that You should be Good at Marketing & Some basic concepts of Marketing will come to you in this Module.

This Module is Cakewalk for MBA (Marketing) Students. You can simply complete this MOD-C.

5. MOD-E: ETHICS IN BANKS & FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.

• Business Ethics & Banking

• Individual Ethics Level

• Ethical Dimension

• Ethic Work & Workplace

• Banking Ethics.

This Module has 5 Topics & As the name suggests it's fully about Banking Ethics Management. It doesn't mean that You should be Good at Ethics of Bank Employees & Some basic concepts of Banking Ethics, Work Ethics & Work Place will come to you in this Module.

This Module is Cakewalk for B.Com & M.Com Students. You can simply complete this MOD-B & D.

- Overall, You've to Study at least 3Modules in detail so as to Achieve the 60-70 Marks. You can choose the Modules to Study more depending upon Your Strength..


▪STUDY STRATEGY FOR JAIIB-AFB.

Strategy for the study of AFB (Accounting & Finance for Bankers) Subject, which Many People finds Very Difficult to clear. If You Study Properly, It's Very Easy to Clear AFB.

This Subject Contains 4 Modules:

MOD-A: Business Maths & Finance

MOD-B: Principles of Bookkeeping & Accountancy

MOD-C: Final Accounts

MOD-D: Banking Operations.

This Subject mainly Cakewalk for B-Com & M-Com Students.

Many People don't correlate the syllabus of the subject with Day to Day Banking Activity. So they find it difficult to Score & Understand this subject. But this not true, this Subject is Very Important which will Increase Your Knowledge regarding JUNIOR & MIDDLE MANAGEMENT functioning of Your Bank, As Well As a whole Banking Industry; So How to decide which topics to be Read & which topics to be Skip?.


IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM EACH MODULE:

1. MOD-A: BUSINESS MATHS & FINANCE.

• Interest Rate Calculation

• YTM Calculation

• Capital Budgeting

• Depreciation & Accounting.

This Module has 6 Topics & Easiest Module among 3 Modules as it's calculative part as the Name Suggests.

I'll Say how much Important it's, there's ABM Subject (CAIIB 1st Paper). That Subjects basic points are given here as basics in this MOD-A (Economic Analysis), In this Module You must read BASEL-2 & 3 an overview. Because this's most Important in Our Banking Life & As Well As in upcoming exam CAIIB (1Subject there's Full Module on this topic).

Some simple topics are: Interest Calculation (EMI & NPV), Basel-2 & 3 Accord Overview, YTM Calculation, Depreciation (Methods of Straightline, Decling Balance & Double Decling Balance), FOREX (So Many People thinks it's difficult. But If You study Its Basics you'll also get Good Marks in CAIIB-ABM Subject).

2. MOD-B: PRINCIPLES OF BOOKKEEPING & ACCOUNTANCY.

• Bank Reconciliation Statement

• Trial Balance & Closing Entries

• Capital & Expendutre

• Foreign Exchange.

This Module has 5 Topics & Most Important, Most Useful topics in Our Daily Banking Routines/Duties.

It Contains:

• What's Book-Keeping & Accountancy?

• What's Book-Keeping & Its Standards?

Ans: It has 3 Topics, they are:

1.There's Basics of Book-keeping & Its Standards. There are 29 Accounting Standards, You must be Familiar with this to complete this MOD-B.

2.There are Accounting Concepts at Recording & Reporting Stage in Each One (You must read 6 Points).

3.There are topics like Journal, Ledger, Petty Cash, Head Cashier Ledger, Etc..

So, It's the most Important Module & to get Good Marks & Good Knowledge in Banking Industry.


3. MOD-C: FINAL ACCOUNTS.

• Balance Sheet Equation

• Ratio Analysis

• Rectification Errors

• Final & Company Accounts.

This Module has 12 Topics & As the title of Module suggests Special Account, it's the Most Priority Module You can give after MOD-A (Business Maths & Finance).

In this Module all topics Very Interesting & Makes You Curious to learn topics easy to study. Some topics are: BRS, Exchange Bills, Depreciation Accounting (This would be Continuation to Depreciation topic in MOD-A), Consignment Account, Leasing Hire Purchase, Joint Venture, Non-Trading Organisation Accounts, Etc.

4. MOD-D: BANKING OPERATIONS.

• Banking Operations

• Cash/Clearing & Deposits

• Loan Accounts.

This Module has 6 Topics & Some simple easy topics.

Those are: Balance Sheet Equation, Partnership Accounts (VV Imp), Company Accounts & Final Accounts, Etc..

- Overall, You've to Study All 4Modules in detail so as to Achieve the 55-60 Marks. You can choose the Modules to Study more depending upon Your Strength..


▪STUDY STRATEGY FOR JAIIB-LRAB.

LRAB (Legal & Regulatory Aspects of Banking) Subject is which Many People finds Very Difficult to clear. If You Study Properly, It's Very Easy to Clear LRAB.

This Subject Contains 4 Modules:

MOD-A: Regulations & Compliance

MOD-B: Legal Aspects of Banking Operations

MOD-C: Banking Related Laws

MOD-D: Commercial Laws with Reference to Banking Operations.

This Subject mainly Cakewalk for LLB Graduates (Students) & Very tough even than AFB Subject, as it's full theoretical Subject.

-As We're Bankers WE get very less time for Study. So, How to decide Which Topics to be Read & Which Topics Skipped?.

IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM EACH MODULE:

1. MOD-A: REGULATIONS & COMPLIANCE.

• Legal Framework

• Returns, Inspection & Mergers

• PSB & Co-Operative Banks.

This MOD is have 5 Topics & You'll learn, Constitution of Banks, What're Banks, Types of Banks, Regulator of Banks, Banking Ombudsman, Payment Systems, Etc.

Give 1st Preference to this MOD (If You want to start with Theory).

2. MOD-B: LEGAL ASPECTS OF BANKING OPERATIONS.

• Borrower & Credit Facility Types

• Bank Guarantees

• Bill Finance Laws

• Reg & Satisfaction Charges.

This MOD has 14 Topics & Will discuss about Responsibilities of Bank while doing its duties & Some more important topics those will come in CAIIB.

Some Important & Easy Topics in this MOD are: Responsibities of Paying/Collecting Banks, Indemnities, Bank Guarantees, LOC (VV Important Topic in whole JAIIB-CAIIB), Types of Credit Facilities, Secured & Unsecured Loans, Etc.


3. MOD-C: BANKING RELATED LAWS.

• SARFASI Act

• BBE Act

• Lok Adalats

• Income Tax Act.

This MOD has 21 Topics & Heart of the Subject. Because all the Laws are in this MOD.

Don't think that reading Years of Acts is sufficient. In this MOD All Topics are Very Important & Easy to Study.

Some Topics are: SARFASI Act-2002 (Introduction & Definition), Banking Ombudsman Scheme-2006, DRT Act, BBE Act-1891, LSA Act, CP Act, Tax Laws, Etc.

4. MOD-D: COMMERCIAL LAWS WITH REFERENCE TO BANKING OPERATIONS.

• Contract Act

• N.I. 1881 Act

• BR Act

• Partnership Act

• RBI Act

• Limitation Act

• Company Act.

This MOD has 28 Topics & If You see, the 1st time You'll get Emotional Tears as it's the most heaviest of All MODs (But know a proverb 'All that Glitters isn't Gold' its easiest among all MODs). Because these Chapters are Simple & Easy to learn Topics, You can pay this MOD as 1-Liner Stories.

These MOD has all the related Laws that in Topics of 2nd Subject of AFB.

Some Topics are: Contracts of Indemnity, Guarantee, Bailment, Pledge & Agency, Partnership Basics, Types of Companies, Etc.

- Overall, You've to Study ALL 4Modules in detail so as to Achieve the 70-80 Marks. You can choose the Modules to Study more depend upon Your Strength..


02.CAIIB (CERTIFIED ASSOCIATE INDIAN INSTITUTE BANKERS)..

▪STUDY STRATEGY FOR CAIIB-ABM.

ABM is 1 of the Compulsory Subject for CAIIB; Most of the People find very difficult to clear this Paper, If you study properly it's easy to clear the ABM Subject.

This Subject Contains 4 Modules:

MOD-A: Economic Analysis

MOD-B: Business Mathematics

MOD-C: HRM IN BANKS

MOD-D: Credit Management.

- As WE are Bank Employees WE get very less time for study, so how to decide which topics to be Read & which topics to be Skipped?

The Subject Generally Paper consists of 60% Theoritical & 40% Numerical/Case Studies. So choose the Module to be Study in deep so as to Clear the Paper easily depending upon your Personal Strength & Weakness.

If You observed the All Modules, You'll realize that MOD-A & C are most Scoring Modules. MOD-B contains Business Maths which many People find difficult to Study as the Level of Maths is tough (Especially for ARTS, SCIENCE & ENGINEER background People). Those who works in Credit/Loan Section will find that MOD-D is most Important not only Exam Point of View. But also for your daily working in Credit Section, so don't skip MOD-D.


IMPORTANT TOPICS FROM EACH MODULE:

1. MOD-A: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS.

• Supply & Demand

• Money Supply & Inflation

• Business Cycles

• GDP Concepts & Union Budget.

No need to read McMillan Book line by line for this Module, Short Notes will be quite useful for Studying this Module. Don't read Stats Given in these Chapters; In GDP Concepts & Union Budget, Chapters Numerical are asked which are quite easy provided You know the Components & Formula.

2. MOD-B: BUSINESS MATHS.

• Time Value of Money (TVM)

• Sampling Methods

• Simulation

• Bond Investment.

Don't go to deep for Study this Module as Mathematical Calculations are difficult to understand (Especially for ARTS & SCIENCE background People). Practice the examples Given in McMillan; those who are not Good at Maths can skip this Module & focus more on Remaining Modules.

You can keep MOD-B at last, Just read Formulas from this Module, as this Module is quite boring, length & hard to understand.


3. MOD-C: HRM IN BANKS.

• Human Resource Development

• Human Implication Organisation

• Performance Management

• HR & IT.

You need to read thoroughly All the topics from this Module from McMillan. It's quite easy & theoretical only. Repeatedly read MCQs from N.S.TOOR Book of this Module.

4. MOD-D: CREDIT MANAGEMENT.

• Credit Management Overview

• Financial Statement Analysis

• Capital Finance Work

• Credit Control & Monitoring

• Rehabilitation & Recovery.

Read this Module from McMillan book only; the Chapters in this Module are not lengthy as compared to Other Modules. Practice Numerical/Study Case from Financial Statement & Balance Sheet.

- Overall, You've to Study at least 3Modules in detail so as to Achieve the 50 Marks. You can choose the Modules to Study more depending upon Your Strength..


▪STUDY STRATEGY FOR CAIIB-BFM.

Strategy for the study of BFM (Bank Financial Management) Subject, which Many People finds very difficult to clear. If you study properly it's easy to the BFM.

This Subject also contains 4 Modules:

MOD-A: International Banking

MOD-B: Risk Management

MOD-C: Treasury Management

MOD-D: Balance Sheet Management.

Many People don't correlate the syllabus of the subject with Day to Day Banking Activity. So they find it difficult to Score & Understand this subject. But this not true, this subject is very much important which will increase your knowledge regarding TOP & MIDDLE MANAGEMENT functioning of your Bank, as well as a whole Banking Industry.

All the Modules are Equally Important, but you may clear the paper with 3 Modules study also.MOD (A & glasses emoticon are relatively easy & scoring as well.


Let Us discuss the Strategy for CAIIB-BFM. Each Module wise:

1. MOD-A: INTERNATIONAL BANKING.

• Exchange Rates & Forex Business

• Basics for Forex Derivatives

• Documentary LC

• Facilities for Exporters & Importers.

Rapid Reading/Bullet Point Reading is quite useful for this module. Practice Numerical again & again.

Many Numerical/Case Studies are asked from this module which are quite easy as compared to Mod-B & Mod-D case studies. Refer the case studies from McMillan given at the end of the topic. also N.S.TOOR books has many Numerical & Case Studies. Questions are asked on Exchange Rates & Shipment Finance, Etc.

2. MOD-B: RISK MANAGEMENT: All Chapters are equally important as they are interlinked to each other. Again focus more on Case Studies/Numericals given in Apendix at the the end of charter.

Maximum Case Studies are asked from this module. Though short notes are useful for this Module, McMillan book reading for this Module, because some Questions are twisted type for which you require details of the concept which is hard to get from short notes.

RBI Website contains FAQs which are quite useful for this Modules, you should read them at least once.


3. MOD-C: TREASURY MANAGEMENT.

• Introduction

• Types of Treasury Products

• Treasury Risk Management

• Treasury & Asset-Liability Management.

Most Questions asked on this Module are theoritical type. so through reading of McMillan book is important. If you don't get time then you can skip this Module or Read Short Notes, since the weighted of this Module for exam point of view is low according to as compared to Mod-A & Mod-B. But those who wish to make Carrier/Work in Treasury Department, this is the best Module to learn.

4. MOD-D: BALANCE SHEET MANAGEMENT.

• ALM in Banks Balance Sheet

• Capital & Banking Regulation

• Capital Adequacy

• Asset Classification & Provisioning Norms

• Interest Rate Risk Management.

Though McMillan Book contain sufficient material but refer RBI Website for this module. In this Module focus more on Case Studies as compared to theoretical questions. Don't skip this Module as it's much important for exam as well as knowledge point of they. No need to read McMillan line by line.

- Overall, You have to to keep balance between Theoritical reading as well as Case Studies/Numerical since the paper would contain 40-45% Case Studies. N.S.TOOR book contains good Case Studies & MCQs. also there are many resources available on the Internet from where you will get case studies for this Module.

After giving this paper you will Realized that BFM is very easier as compared to ABM & Retail Banking. No need to worry for BFM, Be Happy.


▪STUDY STRATEGY FOR CAIIB-RB (RETAIL BANKING)..

DEAR ALL CAIIB ASPIRANTS.

Focus on following the Important Chapters for Retail Banking.

1. RB Latest Trends

2. ATM Updates

3. Mobile & Internet Banking Updates

4. EMI Calculation

5. TVM Annuity

6. FV/PV Annuity

7. Capital Gain

8. Taxation

9. Credit Card

10. Home Loan Valuation.

- Expectation 40-60% Marks, if u follows these Topics..


▪STUDY STRATEGY FOR CAIIB-INTERNATIONAL BANKING..

DEAR ALL CAIIB ASPIRANTS..

ALL 5 Modules are Very Very Important. MOD-A (Foundation of International Financial Management), MOD-B (Foreign Exchange Market, Rate Determination & Currency Derivatives), MOD-C (Foreign Exchange Exposure & Management), MOD-D (World Financial Markets & Institutions) & MOD-E (Financial Management of Multinational Firm) in CAIIB-International Banking Subject..

• Give the Most Importance & Practice more following Chapters in International Banking.

1. IB Monetary System

2. World Corporate Governance & Payments Balance

3. Globalization & Multinational Firm

4. FE Market & IB Equity Market

5. FE Futures & Options

6. Transaction & Economic Exposure Management

7. IB Money Market & Bond Market

8. IB Trade Finance & Capital Budgeting

9. Multinational Cash Management

10. IB Transfer Price & Tax Environment

11. IB Interest Rate & Currency Swaps

12. IB Capital Cost & Capital Structure.

- These Topics are Play Vital Role to Clearing CAIIB-International Banking Subject. Expected Score 50-70 Marks..


ALL THE VERY BEST..

WISH YOU GOOD LUCK & DO WELL

https://iibfadda.blogspot.com/2020/08/caiib-bfm-strategy.html


Monday, 21 December 2020

Caiib ABM yesterday's recollected questions 20.12.2020

20.12.2020 ABM Re-collected questions

-------------------------------------------

Compound interest 2 questions

CRR case studies

5 mark Passage question on HRM management issue

Z value calculation

Attitude

Attributes

Common size statement

Balance of trade and payment

Willful defaulters

Creation of charge on securities 

Demographic divident

Vrooms expectancy model

Date of execution of documents

Class

Factoring- invoice values 

Johari window

Simulation definition

Current ratio

Quick ratio

Gross profit ratio

Net profit ratio 

Return on capital employed

Return on equity ratio

Inventory turnover ratio

Is-lm curve

Performance appraisal

Hicks-hansen theory

Market economy'-laissez faire

Hickshansen theory explanation

Problem on CRR SLR given in first batch

Problem on Gdp deflector

3 marks for appraisal

Was 4 5 case studies

Around 8 to 10 numericals

From module b

No case studie on working capital though

Pv fv

Balance sheet

M1 m2 concept

5 question on working capital

5 question on probability

Questions came from theory most of all 

From business math very easy FV PV and correlation 

One case study from mpbf

Theory and case study from hrm

5 marks from revenue capital deficit

Demographic dividend

Attitude

Attributes

Common size statement

Balance of trade and payment

Willfully defaulters

Creation of charge on securities 

Demographic divident

Vrooms expectancy model

Date of execution of documents

Class

Factoring- invoice values 

Johari

Simulation definition

Currentratio

Quick ratio

Gross profit ratio

Net profit ratio 

Return on capital employed

Return on equity

Inventory turnover



Questions came from theory most of all 

From business math very easy FV PV and correlation 

One case study from mpbf

Theory and case study from hrm

5marks from revenue capital deficit


Problem on CRR SLR given in first batch

Problem on Gdp deflector

3 marks for appraisal

Was 4 5 case studies

Around 8 to 10 numericals

From module b

No case studie on working capital though

Pv fv

Balance sheet

Is-lm curve

Performance appraisal

Hicks-hansen theory

Market economy'-laissez faire

M1 m2 concept


All the best

Sunday, 13 December 2020

Caiib BFM strategy

 BFM::;;


The strategy for the study of Bank Financial Management which many people finds difficult to clear. If you study properly, it is easy to clear the BFM. This subject also contains 4 modules, they are;

-International Banking

-Risk Management

-Treasury Management

-Balance Sheet Management

Many people do not correlate the syllabus of the subject with day to day banking activity. So they find it difficult to score and understand this subject. But this not true, this subject is very much important which will increase your knowledge regarding top management & middle management functioning of your bank as well as banking as a whole industry.

All the modules are equally important, but you may clear the paper with three modules study also. Module A & B are relatively easy and scoring as well. Let us discuss strategy for each module.

Module A-International Banking

Important topics are Exchange Rates and Forex Business, Basics for Forex Derivatives, Documentary LC, and Facilities for Exporters & Importers

Rapid reading or bullet point reading is quite useful for this module. Practice numerical again and again.

Many numerical/case studies are asked from this module which are quite easy as compared to Module B & Module D case studies. Refer the case studies from McMillan given at the end of the topic. Also N.S.Toor book has many numerical and case studies. Questions are asked on Exchange rates, Shipment Finance etc.

Module B-Risk Management

All chapters are equally important as they are interlinked to each other. Again focus more on case studies/numericals given in Apendix at the end of chapter. Maximum case studies are asked from this module. Though short notes are useful for this module I would suggest McMillan reading for this module because some questions are twisted type for which you require details of the concept which is hard to get from short notes. RBI website contains FAQs which are quite useful for this modules, you should read them at least once.

Module C- Treasury Management

Important topics are Introduction, Types of treasury products, Treasury Risk Management, Treasury and Asset-Liability Management.

Mostly questions asked on this module are theoretical type, so through reading of McMillan is important. If you don’t get time then you can skip this module or read short notes since the weighted of this module for exam point of view is low according to me as compared to Module A&B. But those who wish to make carrier or work in treasury department, this is the best module to learn.

Module-D Balance Sheet Management

Important chapters are Components of ALM in Bank’s Balance Sheet, Capital and banking Regulation,, Capital Adequacy, Asset Classification and Provisioning Norms, Interest rate Risk management.

Though McMillan book contain sufficient material but I would suggest you to refer RBI website for this module. In this module focus more on Case Studies as compared to theoretical questions. Do not skip this module as it is much important for exam as well as knowledge point of view. No need to read McMillan line by line.

Overall you have to keep balance between theoretical reading as well as case studies/numerical since the paper would contain 40-45% case studies. N.S.Toor book contains good case studies and MCQs. Also there are many resources available on the internet from where you will get case studies for this module. After giving this paper you will realized that BFM is easier as compared to ABM and no need to worry for BFM.

Ten Mistakes to avoid while preparing for CAIIB exam

  Ten Mistakes to avoid while preparing for CAIIB exam


1.Not allocating sufficient amount of Study time daily:

This is a very common mistake done by many CAIIB aspirants, Cramming the information before the night of the exam or before two days may helped you in JAIIB examination (Although it is a wrong way of preparation). But here in CAIIB examination it won’t help you to even score thirty marks. A thorough understanding of concepts are needed for almost all topics so having a daily study routine is must for all aspirants.

I know it is very tough to find time during our busy banking hours. If you don’t have time for continuous 2 hrs then split the study hours into three or four sessions of 30 to 40 minutes a day. Since syllabus of CAIIB subjects cover many topics; In depth understanding of each topic is also needed to answer questions that test our knowledge, analytical skills and problem solving skills. So daily allocating sufficient amount of study time is necessary.

2.Not having clear focus on optional paper:

Selecting the correct optional paper and having clear focus on it, is must for successful completion of CAIIB exam. Although the Retail banking and Financial Banking are easy papers to clear, You need choose your optional paper based on your knowledge, interested areas in banking and career development. Don’t follow others recommendation for optional paper blindly. You have to analyse and decide your optional paper.

Remember CAIIB is not only for increments; it also provides many useful theoretical knowledge in different areas of banking.

 

3.Not learning the basic concepts:

Every topic of a subject has basic and fundamental concepts to be learnt by heart. Learning them thoroughly makes us to understand the more complex concepts. Complex concepts are nothing but complex combination of simple and basic concepts. We should have studied the fun1damental concepts in JAIIB (who knows it now ;P ;)). If not revise it then and there when it is required.

To learn the fundamental concepts of economy, business maths, accountancy you can refer more books from your commerce background friends. Remember learning complex concepts won’t be useful if you don’t understand the fundamental concepts behind them.


4.Not understanding and giving importance to syllabus:

In any examination if we want to pass that exam we should thoroughly understand the syllabus first. Because understanding the syllabus will give us a clear picture of what we are going to learn. We also get some insights about the subject. It also helps us to have an idea whether we are familiar with that topic or not. This will help you to assess the complexity of the subject and how much time you need to spend with a topic.

Give importance to syllabus helps to choose the right books for our preparation. Because there are materials that doesn’t cover the full syllabus (only the main areas of the syllabus) are available free in many study groups and websites. Aspirants who doesn’t aware of syllabus simply read those material and attend the exam.


5.Not having a preparation strategy and study plan

This is a common mistake many aspirants do, thinking there is no necessary for planning your study. They even think it is a waste of time. Whatever excuses we give, having a preparation strategy and study plan is must for any type of exam. It will help us to be goal oriented and stay focused of our target. If you do your targeted studies every day, it will make you motivated. As your progress through your schedule you will feel relaxed and your stress level for exam is reduced.

Creating a schedule will hardly take one to two hours of your time. While creating a schedule of your own you will also analyse the syllabus. There are many benefits can be pointed for having a good study plan. Though the initial effort may look too much; But the benefits are fruitful and long-lasting.

6.Not taking effective notes while studying itself

Many aspirants not even consider taking notes is a part of study. While studying if you take notes you will give importance to details. Giving importance to details will make you to ask more questions and to find short answers for it. This enhances your understanding about the topic. It also makes you to break down the contents of your learning in an easy way. Therefore your memory increases and whenever you see the notes you can recollect the content.

Thus taking notes helps you for better and easy revision. I know it is time consuming but once you are familiarised, it will be easy for you to take notes. Because your eyes can spot the important detail easily; Your mind organise them with an analogy for easy remembrance.


7.Not solving and practising mathematical problems:

Unlike JAIIB, here calculations, formulas and case studies are very important. You definitely need to solve all the problems in your study materials and work books you got. Don’t simply study a formula using one example of a problem related to it. Change the parameters and create problem of your own then solve it. By doing so, you will learn about importance of each parameter of the formula.

Practice, Practice, Practice!!!!!. There is no replacement for practising when solving problems, case studies and balance sheet analysis. When solving problems related to Balance sheet also use the same method as described above. There by we can improve our problem solving skills and analytical skills


8.Not revising the topics regularly:

Many aspirants ignore the importance of revising, stating there is no time for revising. If you are not making study plan you will not even find time to complete the syllabus. So no excuses, use your notes to revise the topic at regular intervals. For example every Sunday spare 20 to 30 minutes for revising, in addition to your study time.

 “Revise little but often” is the key strategy. Repeated revision make you feel bored and gives a feeling “Ahh!!! I know it. Don’t need to study”. But it makes you to master a topic; If five questions are asked from a single topic for knowledge testing; You can answer all, with 100% accuracy.  

9.Not learning from the mistakes:

The biggest and costliest thing is learning from your mistake. If you have failed in an attempt, accept the failure and analyse where you lacked. When I say accept your failure that doesn’t mean to blame yourself. It means asking yourself questions related to find the cause of the failure. What is the main reason for non completion of the syllabus? In which topic i should improve my knowledge? etc,. How can I improve my reading ability further?

The answer to the questions should not be too general. It should be specific to spot your weakness. When you find your weakness please work on it. Nobody is perfect in the universe; So find your weakness and mistakes; Try to rectify it before your next attempt.


10.Not using the technology for proper and effective preparation of exam:

Because of the technology we can study anything from anywhere. So use your mobile, internet, websites, facebook communities,forums and blogs etc,.You can get any information from internet in just a single click or a single press of your finger. I am not saying you to depend on them but to use them as effectively as possible. So do your search whatever you feel useful subscribe to them.

Also many websites offering free mock test use them to test your knowledge. While giving mock test take it as serious as an exam. Then only you can know your time management under pressure and boosts your confidence.

CASE STUDIES ON DOCUMENTARY CREDITS AND UCP600

 CASE STUDIES ON DOCUMENTARY CREDITS AND UCP600

CASE STUDY 1
Banks have a practice of calling for the original LC at the time of presentation of documents and
endorse any drawings on its reverse.
LC's may be made available by Acceptance / Defferred Payment / Negotiation and to be freely
available with any bank.
Is it mandatory to endorse the original LC on its reverse?
Analysis
Most LCs contain a clause indicating such a requirement.
The practice is required by SWIFT standards cat.7, for freely negotiable credits, available with any
bank.
Conclusion
What is the problem?
CASE STUDY 2
If a nominated bank does not incur a deffered payment undertaking on presentation of complying
documents and forwards them to the Issuing Bank.
Subsequently can it a purchases a deferred payment undertaking from the issuing bank and seek
protection under UCP600?
Articles 7c. UCP600
CASE STUDY 3
If a LC is confirmed and is available with the Confirming Bank and the beneficiary chooses to
present the document directly to the Issuing Bank and the Issuing Bank wrongfully dishonors.
Should the confirming bank honor the presentation given that the LC has meanwhile expired?
Article 8a. UCP600
CASE STUDY 4
A documentary credit requires all documents must to be issued in English language.
The presentation includes a Certificate of Origin bearing a Stamp / Legalisation done in another
language
Is this a discrepancy?
Issued in?
CASE STUDY 5
As per Article 38 of UCP 600, A LC can be transferred to more than one second beneficiary. This
can be done preferably when the Partial Shipments are allowed under the LC.
If the first Beneficiary is certain that he would be able to comply with article 31(b) of UCP600 (re
partial shipments – submission of multiple BLs on the same voyage), can a LC be transferred to
more than one second beneficiary even if the LC states Partial Shipment is prohibited provided
Article 38.d. UCP600
CASE STUDY 6
If the nominated bank does not accept a bill of exchange drawn on them by the beneficiary, can the
same bill of exchange be presented to the issuing bank or should they present a fresh bill of
exchange drawn on the Issuing Bank
UCP Article 7a (iv)
CASE STUDY 7

INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL TERMS (INCOTERMS)

 


INTERNATIONALCOMMERCIAL TERMS (INCOTERMS)

The Incoterms 2010 rules

The Incoterms 2010 rules are standard sets of trading terms and conditions designed to assist traders when goods are sold and transported. INCOTERMS are generally used in both International trade and Domestic Trade . INCO terms are a series of international sales terms, published by International Chamber Of Commerce

(ICC) and widely used in international commercial transactions. These are accepted by governments, legal

authorities and practitioners worldwide for the interpretation of most commonly used terms in international

trade. This reduces or removes altogether, uncertainties arising from different interpretation of such terms

in different countries. They closely correspond to the U.N. Convention on contracts for the international

sale of goods. The first version of INCO terms was introduced in 1936. INCO terms 2010 (8th edition) were

published on Sept 27, 2010 and these came into effect wef Jan 1, 2011.

Main changes in  INCOTERMS 2010

1. Removal of 4 terms (DAF, DES, DEQ and

DDU) and introduction of 2 new terms (DAP - Delivered at Place and DAT - Delivered at

Terminal). As a result, there are a total of 11

terms instead of 13 (2 additions, DAP and DAT and 4 deletions, DAF, DDU, DEQ and DES).

2. Creation of 2 classes of INCOTERMS - (1)

rules for any mode or modes of transport and (2) rules for sea and inland waterway [INCOTERMS 2000

had 4 categories namely E (covering departure), F (covering main carriage unpaid), C (covering main carriage paid) and D (covering arrival)

Each Incoterms rule specifies:

*the obligations of each party (e.g. who is responsible for services such as transport; import and export clearance etc)

*the point in the journey where risk transfers from the seller to the buyer

So by agreeing on an Incoterms rule and incorporating it into the sales contract, the buyer and seller can achieve a precise understanding of what each party is obliged to do, and where responsibility lies in event of loss, damage or other mishap.

The Incoterms rules are created and published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) and are revised from time to time. The most recent revision is Incoterms 2010 which came into force on 1st January 2011.

The definitive publication on the Incoterms 2010 rules is the ICC publication number 715, which is available from various national bookshops.

This is essential reading for those with responsibility for setting a corporate policy or negotiating contracts with trading partners or service providers.

The logic of the Incoterms 2010 rules

The eleven rules are divided into two main groups

Rules for any transport mode

• Ex Works EXW

• Free Carrier FCA

• Carriage Paid To CPT

• Carriage & Insurance Paid to CIP

• Delivered At Terminal DAT

• Delivered At Place DAP

• Delivered Duty Paid DDP      

Rules for sea & inland waterway only

• Free Alongside Ship FAS

• Free On Board FOB

• Cost and Freight CFR

• Cost Insurance and Freight CIF


In general the “transport by sea or inland waterway only” rules should only be used for bulk cargos (e.g. oil, coal etc) and non-containerised goods, where the exporter can load the goods directly onto the vessel. Where the goods are containerised, the “any transport mode” rules are more appropriate.A critical difference between the rules in these two groups is the point at which risk transfers from seller to buyer. For example, the “Free on Board” (FOB) rule specifies that risk transfers when the goods have been loaded on board the vessel. However the “Free Carrier” (FCA) rule specifies that risk transfers when the goods have been taken in charge by the carrier.

Another useful way of classifying the rules is by considering:

Who is responsible for the main carriage – the buyer or the seller?

If the seller is responsible for the main carriage, where does the risk pass from the seller to the buyer – before the main carriage, or after it?

This gives us these four groups:



Buyer responsible for all carriage – EXW

Buyer arranges main carriage – FAS; FOB; FCA

Seller arranges main carriage, risk passes after main carriage – DAT; DAP; DDP

Seller arranges main carriage, but risk passes before main carriage – CFR; CIF; CPT; CIP

Eleven terms



Group-1 INCO terms

1. EXW means that a seller has the goods ready for collection at his premises (works, factory,

warehouse, plant) on the date agreed upon. The buyer pays transportation costs and bears the risks for

bringing the goods to their final destination. This term places the greatest responsibility on the buyer and

minimum obligations on the seller.

2.FCA — Free Carrier (named places) : The seller hands over the goods, cleared for export, into the

custody of the first carrier (named by the buyer) at the named place. This term is suitable for all modes of

transport, including carriage by air, rail, road, and containerized / multi-modal sea transport.

3. CPT — Carriage Paid To (named place of destination): (The general/containerized/multimodal

equivalent of CFR) The seller pays for carriage to the named point of destination, but risk passes when

the goods are handed over to the first carrier.

4. CIP — Carriage and Insurance Paid (To) (named

place of destination): The containerized transport/multimodal equivalent of CIF. Seller pays for carriage

and insurance to the named destination point, but risk passes when the goods are handed over to the first

carrier,

5. DAP : delivered at place

6. DAT I. delivered at terminal

7. DDP — Delivered Duty Paid (named destination place): This term means that the seller pays for all

transportation costs and bears all risk until the goods have been delivered and pays the duty. Also used

interchangeably with the term "Free Domicile". It is the most comprehensive term for the buyer. In most of

the importing countries, taxes such as (but not limited to) VAT and excises should not be considered

prepaid being handled as a "refundable" tax. Therefore VAT and excise usually are not representing a

direct cost for the importer since they will be recovered against the sales on the local (domestic) market.



Group-2 INCO terms



8. FAS — Free Alongside Ship (named loading port): The seller must place the goods alongside the ship

at the named port. The seller must clear the goods for export. Suitable for maritime transport only but NOT

for multimodal sea transport in containers. This term is typically used for heavy-lift or bulk cargo.

9. FOB — Free on board (named loading 'port): The seller must themselves load the goods on board the

ship nominated by the buyer, cost and risk being divided at ship's rail. The buyer must instruct the seller

the details of the vessel and port where the goods are to be loaded, and there is no reference to, or

provision for, the use of a carrier or forwarder.

10.CFR or CNF — Cost and Freight (named destination port): Seller must pay the costs and freight to

bring the goods to the port of destination. The risk is transferred to the buyer once the goods have

crossed the ship's rail. Maritime transport only and Insurance for the goods is NOT included. Insurance is

at the Cost of the Buyer.

11.CIF — Cost, Insurance and Freight (named destination port): Exactly the same as CFR except that theseller must in addition procure and pay for insurance for the buyer (Maritime transport only).







Ten common mistakes in using the Incoterms rules



Here are some of the most common mistakes made by importers and exporters:

•           Use of a traditional “sea and inland waterway only” rule such as FOB or CIF for containerised goods, instead of the “all transport modes” rule e.g. FCA or CIP. This exposes the exporter to unnecessary risks. A dramatic recent example was the Japanese tsunami in March 2011, which wrecked the Sendai container terminal. Many hundreds of consignments awaiting despatch were damaged. Exporters who were using the wrong rule found themselves responsible for losses that could have been avoided!

•           Making assumptions about passing of title to the goods, based on the Incoterms rule in use. The Incoterms rules are silent on when title passes from seller to buyer; this needs to be defined separately in the sales contract

•           Failure to specify the port/place with sufficient precision, e.g. “FCA Chicago”, which could refer to many places within a wide area

•           Attempting to use DDP without thinking through whether the seller can undertake all the necessary formalities in the buyer’s country, e.g. paying GST or VAT

•           Attempting to use EXW without thinking through the implications of the buyer being required to complete export procedures – in many countries it will be necessary for the exporter to communicate with the authorities in a number of different ways

•           Use of CIP or CIF without checking whether the level of insurance in force matches the requirements of the commercial contract – these Incoterms rules only require a minimal level of cover, which may be inadequate.

•           Where there is more than one carrier, failure to think through the implications of the risk transferring on taking in charge by the first carrier – from the buyer’s perspective, this may turn out to be a small haulage company in another country, so redress may be difficult in the event of loss or damage

•           Failure to establish how terminal handling charges (THC) are going to be treated at the point of arrival. Carriers’ practices vary a good deal here. Some carriers absorb THC’s and include them in their freight charges; however others do not.

•           Where payment is with a letter of credit or a documentary collection, failure to align the Incoterms rule with the security requirements or the requirements of the banks.

•           When DAT or DAP is used with a “post-clearance” delivery point, failure to think through the liaison required between the carrier and the customs authorities – can lead to delays and extra costs